其中是有典故的 例如《感天动地窦娥冤》(简称《窦娥冤》)六月飞雪来源于此
故事简介:窦娥从小死了母亲,她父亲窦天章是一位穷书生,因为上京赶考缺少盘缠,便把她卖给蔡婆婆家做童养媳。可到蔡家没两年,丈夫就生病死了,只剩下了窦娥和她婆婆两人相依为命。
当地有个流氓叫张驴儿,欺负蔡家婆媳无依无靠,跟他父亲张老儿一起赖在蔡家,逼迫蔡婆婆嫁给张老儿。蔡婆婆软弱怕事,勉强答应了。张驴儿又胁迫窦娥跟他成亲,窦娥坚决拒绝。还把张驴儿痛骂了一顿。
张驴儿怀恨在心。没过几天,蔡婆婆生病了,要窦娥做羊肚汤给她吃。张驴儿便偷偷地在汤里下了毒药,想先毒死蔡婆婆,再逼窦娥成亲。窦娥把羊肚汤端给蔡婆婆喝。蔡婆婆接过碗,忽然不舒服要呕吐,就让给张老儿喝了。张老儿中了毒,在地上翻滚几下就咽了气。张驴儿没想到毒死了自己父亲,恼怒不已,便把杀人的罪名栽赃到窦娥身上。告到楚州衙门。
楚州知府贪赃枉法,背地里被张驴儿用钱买通了,不问青红皂白便把窦娥抓到公堂讯问,逼她招认。窦娥受尽拷打,痛得死去活来,还是不肯承认。
知府知道窦娥待她婆婆很孝顺,就当着窦娥的面要拷打蔡婆婆。窦娥想到婆婆年纪大了,受不起这个酷刑,只好含冤招供,承认是自己下毒。于是贪官知府便将窦娥定了死罪,押到刑场去处决。
临刑前,窦娥满腔冤屈无处可诉,她不想就这么白白死去,于是含着热泪向苍天起誓:“我窦娥真的是被冤枉的,我的冤屈只有老天爷知道。为了证明我的清白,我死后,一要让这刀过头落,一腔热血全溅在上空的白练上,二要天降大雪,遮盖我的尸体,三要让楚州从此大旱三年!”
刽子手行刑后。窦娥的鲜血竟然一滴都没有落在地上,全部飞溅在了高挂的白布上。当时围观的百姓暗自称奇。紧接着天地变色,狂风大作,天空飘起鹅毛大雪,密密地覆盖在窦娥的身上。那时候正是六月夏天,每一个在场的人都惊呼:“这窦娥真是冤枉的!”
接下来,楚州果真大旱了三年。所有人都相信窦娥的冤屈,为窦娥抱不平,直到窦娥的父亲窦天童在京城做官返乡,窦娥的冤案才得到昭雪,杀人凶手张驴儿被处以死刑,贪官知府也得到了应有的惩罚。
全剧四折,写弱小寡妇窦娥,在无赖陷害、昏官毒打下,屈打成招,成为杀人凶手,被判斩首示众。临刑前,满腔悲愤的窦娥许下三桩誓愿:血溅白练,六月飞雪,大旱三年。果然,窦娥冤屈感天动地,三桩誓愿一一实现。
内容均来自百度百科。
《窦娥冤》是关汉卿的代表作,也是我国古代悲剧的代表作。它的故事渊源于《列女传》中的《东海孝妇》。但关汉卿并没有局限在这个传统故事里,去歌颂为东海孝妇平反冤狱的于公的阴德;而是紧紧扣住当时的社会现实,用这段故事,真实而深刻地反映了元蒙统治下中国社会极端黑暗、极端残酷、极端混乱的悲剧时代,表现了中国人民坚强不屈的斗争精神和争取独立生存的强烈要求。它成功地塑造了“窦娥”这个悲剧主人公形象,使其成为元代被压迫、被剥削、被损害的妇女的代表,成为元代社会底层善良、坚强而走向反抗的妇女的典型。
本剧共四折一楔子。
楔子
女主角窦端云自小因为父亲窦天章无钱还债,被送到蔡家当儿媳妇(即童养媳),改名窦娥。
第一折
婚后不到两年,窦娥丈夫去世;窦娥与蔡婆相依为命。蔡婆向赛卢医讨债,不成功之余反而更差点被勒死,恰好获张驴儿父子俩所救。不料张驴儿是个流氓,趁机搬进蔡家后,威迫婆媳与他们父子成亲,窦娥严辞拒绝。
第二折
蔡婆想吃羊肚汤,张驴儿想藉毒死窦娥婆婆而霸占窦娥(张驴儿以告发企图勒死蔡婆之事威胁,向赛卢医讨来毒药),不料反而被父亲误吃、毒死了父亲。张驴儿于是诬告窦娥杀人之罪。太守桃杌严刑逼供,窦娥不忍心婆婆连同受罪,便含冤招认药死公公,被判斩刑。
第三折
窦娥被押赴刑场。临刑前,窦娥为表明自己冤屈,指天立誓,死后将血溅白练而血不沾地、六月飞霜(降雪)三尺掩其尸、楚州大旱三年,结果全部应验。
第四折
三年后,窦娥的冤魂向已经担任廉访使的父亲控诉;案情重审,将赛卢医发配充军、昏官桃杌革职永不叙用,张驴儿斩首,窦娥冤情得以昭彰。最后窦娥的冤魂希望父亲窦天章能够将亲家蔡婆婆接到住所,代替窦娥尽孝道,窦父应允,全剧结束。
窦天章因为欠蔡婆婆高利贷,无钱归还,将小女端云给蔡家当童养媳。
蔡婆婆给窦天章盘缠赴京赶考。窦娥与丈夫生活不久后,丈夫暴病去世,窦娥与婆婆二人守寡在家。
一日,蔡婆婆向赛卢医讨债时,险被无钱归还的赛卢医杀害,巧被路过的张驴儿与其父撞破此事。张驴儿借口救命之恩,在蔡婆婆家住,贪图窦娥美貌,要求与其父一同入赘蔡家。
窦娥守节不肯,张驴儿就下毒计,从赛卢医处买得砒霜,下到窦娥为蔡婆婆做的羊肚汤中,欲要毒死蔡婆婆,胁迫窦娥改嫁。正巧蔡婆婆作呕,吃不下,反毒死了自家老子。
张驴儿要挟不成,诬告窦娥。贪官欲屈打成招,窦娥不招。
而后要挟要打蔡婆婆,窦娥只好招认。处死前,窦娥许下三桩誓愿——血溅白绫,六月飘雪,大旱三年以证明其冤屈,皆应验。
窦天章科举得中,三年后任廉访使至楚州,见窦娥鬼魂出现,于是重审此案,为窦娥申冤。典故是《窦娥冤》是元代戏曲家关汉卿的杂剧代表作,也是元杂剧悲剧的典范,该剧剧情取材自东汉"东海孝妇"的民间故事,讲述了一位穷书生窦天章为还高利贷将女儿窦娥抵给蔡婆婆做童养媳,不出两年窦娥的夫君早死。
张驴儿要蔡婆婆将窦娥许配给他不成,将毒药下在汤中要毒死蔡婆婆结果误毒死了其父。张驴儿反而诬告窦娥毒死了其父,昏官桃杌最后做成冤案将窦娥处斩,窦娥临终发下"血染白绫、天降大雪、大旱三年"的誓愿。
窦天章最后科场中第荣任高官,回到楚州听闻此事,最后为窦娥平反昭雪。《窦娥冤》是中国著名悲剧之一,是一出具有较高文化价值、广泛群众基础的传统名剧,约有八十六个剧种都改编、演出过此剧。
汉朝时候,东海郡有一个孝顺的媳妇,奉养婆婆十分恭谨。婆婆说:“媳妇奉养我勤劳辛苦。我已经老了,何必吝惜剩下的年月,长久连累年轻人呢?”就上吊自杀了。
她的女儿告状到官府说:“媳妇杀死我母亲。”官府拘捕了孝妇,酷刑拷打,非常狠毒。孝妇受不住酷刑的苦楚,被迫供认承受被诬陷的罪名。
当时于公当狱吏,说:“这个妇人奉养婆婆十多年,因为孝顺,名声传遍四方,必定不会杀害婆婆。”太守不听他的意见。
于公争辩,意见还是没有得到采纳,他抱着定案的文书,从官府哭着离开了。从此以后,东海郡遭大旱灾,三年不下雨。
后任太守到职,于公说:“孝妇不该死,前任太守冤枉杀了他,灾祸应当是从这里来的。”太守立即亲自去祭奠孝妇的坟墓,于是在她的墓上设立标志作为表彰。
天上立刻下起雨来,这一年庄稼大丰收。当地老年人传说,孝妇名叫周青。周青即将被杀死时,在车上插着十丈长的竹竿,竹竿上悬挂五色旗帜。
她当众立下誓言说:“我周青如果有罪,情愿被杀,我的血就会顺着竹竿流下;我周青如果死得冤枉,血就会沿着竹竿倒流上去。”行刑以后,她的血呈青黄色,沿着旗竿倒流上顶端,又顺着旗帜流下来。
出自:《东海孝妇》是西汉的经学家、目录学家、文学家刘向《列女传》中的一篇。
扩展资料:
东海孝妇是古老的民间传说故事。本名周青,出自《列女传》和《汉书·于定国传》。孝妇很早死了丈夫,又没有儿子,但赡养婆婆非常周到。婆婆因不想拖累她,上吊自缢。
而孝妇却由此入狱,并屈打成招,最终被太守杀死。孝妇被斩时,许下三宗愿,如系冤杀,血将倒流、六月飞雪、大旱三年。
(三愿见于后期版本,早期并未见)孝妇被杀后三年,郡中果然大旱,直至新太守亲自祭奠孝妇之墓并表彰其德行,天才下起雨来。
干宝在《搜神记》中记载孝妇死时青黄色的鲜血沿着长竹竿向上流,到了竿顶才沿着幡而流下。东海孝妇的故事对后世影响深远。
关汉卿在此基础上创作出了中国十大悲剧之一的《窦娥冤》。2014年11月11日东海孝妇经国务院批准列入第四批国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录。
请君入瓮 唐朝女皇武则天,为了镇压反对她的人,任用了一批酷吏。
其中两个最为狠毒,一个叫周兴,一个叫来俊臣。他们利用诬陷、控告和惨无人道的刑法,杀害了许多正直的文武官吏和平民百姓。
有一回,一封告密信送到武则天手里,内容竟是告发周兴与人联络谋反。武则天大怒,责令来俊臣严查此事。
来俊臣,心里直犯嘀咕,他想,周兴是个狡猾奸诈之徒,仅凭一封告密信,是无法让他说实话的;可万一查不出结果,太后怪罪下来,我来俊臣也担待不起呀。这可怎么办呢?苦苦思索半天,终于想出一条妙计。
他准备了一桌丰盛的酒席,把周兴请到自己家里。两个人你劝我喝,边喝边聊。
酒过三巡,来俊臣叹口气说:“兄弟我平日办案,常遇到一些犯人死不认罪,不知老兄有何办法?”周兴得意地说:“这还不好办!”说着端起酒杯抿了一口。来俊臣立刻装出很恳切的样子说:“哦,请快快指教。”
周兴阴笑着说:“你找一个大瓮,四周用炭火烤热,再让犯人进到瓮里,你找一个大瓮,四周用炭火烤热,再让犯人进到瓮里,你想想,还有什么犯人不招供呢?”来俊臣连连点头称是,随即命人抬来一口大瓮,按周兴说的那样,在四周点上炭火,然后回头对周兴说:“宫里有人密告你谋反,上边命我严查。对不起,现在就请老兄自己钻进瓮里吧。”
周兴一听,手里的酒杯啪哒掉在地上,跟着又扑通一声跪倒在地,连连磕头说:“我有罪,我有罪,我招供。” 故事见于《资治通鉴·唐则天皇后天授二年》。
成语“请君入瓮”,比喻用某人整治他自己。 Kindly Step into the Vat--Try What You Have Devised against Others In order to suppress those who were against her, Wu Zetian, the empress of the Tang Dynasty (618-907), appointed a few merciless persons to be judges. Two of them were extremely brutal; one was called Zhou Xing and the other was called Lai Junchen. They killed many upright civil and military officials as well as ordinary people by framing up cases against tham and by administering inhuman corporal punishment to them. Once, Wu Zetian received a letter which informed against Zhou Xing. The letter aside that Zhou Xing was plotting a rebellion in collaboration with others. Wu Zetian was furiously angry when she read the letter, and immediately ordered Lai Junchen to deal with the case severely. Hearing the order, Lai Junchen had misgivings about it. He knew that Zhou Xing could not be forced to tell the truth merely by using a letter informing against him because he was very sly and crafty. Lai Junchen also knew that he would not be for given if he should fail in dealing with the case, because the empress would certainly blame him and punish him. How could he solve the problem then? He turned the problem over and over in his mind, and finally thought out a "brilliant scheme". Lai Junchen had a sumptuous feast prepared, and invited Zhou Xing to his home. The two of them urged each other to drink, and they talked while drinking. After the wine had gone round three times, Lai Junchen pretended to sigh, "When Ihandle cases in ordinary times, I often com across prisoners who stubbournly refuse to admit they are guilty. I wonder if you have any effetive measures." Hearing this, he took a sip of the wine. Lai Junchen immediately pretended to be very earnest, saying, "Oh, please do tell me at once." Smiling insidiously, Zhou Xing said, "Get a big vat, scorch it hot with charcoal fire all around, and then let the prisoner come into the vat. Will the prisoner fail to make a confession of his crime?" Hearing this. LaiJunchen nodded his head in approval repeatedly. He then ordered his subordinates to bring a big vat, and had a charcoal fire lit all around it as Zhou Xing had said. He then turned to Zhou Xing and said, "Someone in the imperial court has informed against you, saying that you are plotting a rebellion. The empress has ordered me to deal with the case severely. So I beg your pardon, but would you kindly step into the "Someone in the imperial court has informed against you, saying that you are plotting a rebellion. The empress has ordered me to deal with the case severely. So I beg your pardon, but would you kindly step into the vat?" Hearing this, Zhou Xing dropped his wine cup to the ground and the cup broke with a crash. Then he knelt down with a flop, nodded repeatedly and said, "I am guilty. I confess I am guilty." This story appears in A General History as a Mirror of Past Events by Sima Guang of the Song Dynasty. From this story, people have derived the set phrase "kindly step into the vat -- try what you have devised against others".。
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