以文化知识为基础英语(英语文化知识)

1.英语文化知识

浅谈英语文化知识渗透于英语教学 内容摘要 语言是文化的载体，是文化的主要表现形式。

它是随着民族的发展而发展的，是社会民族文化的一个组成部分。不同民族有着不同的文化、历史、风俗习惯和风土人情等，各民族的文化和社会风俗又都在该民族的语言中表现出来。

语言离不开文化，文化依靠语言，英语教学是语言教学，当然离不开文化教育。随着我国对外交往与民族接触的日益迫切的需要，英语教学要重视交际能力的培养和随之而来的要求对所属文化有所了解的呼声越来越高。

在英语教学中，教师应努力培养学生的文化习得意识，使文化规范的教学与语言技能的培养同步进行。 关键词 语言 文化 文化差异 文化意识 在美国有这样一个尽人皆知的句子："When you're down, you are not necessarily out."但是许多English learners却对其含义不甚了了。

原因是不了解这句话的文化背景。这原是一句拳击术语，在拳击比赛中拳击手若被对方击倒，裁判数到10还不能起来则被判输。

但在很多情况下不等裁判数到10，倒地的拳击手便能爬起来再战。因此，这句话的表层意思是：当你被人击倒，并不意味着输了这场比赛。

其寓意为：当你遇到挫折，并不一定丧失了成功的机会。 由此我们可以得到启示：在英语教学中要注重语言和文化的关系，应提高对中西文化差异的敏感性和适应性，应树立文化意识并注重文化知识的传授。

？一、语言和文化 语言和文化是密不可分的。语言不仅仅是一套符号系统，人们的言语表现形式更要受语言赖以存在的社会/社团（community）的习俗，生活方式，行为方式，价值观念，思维方式，宗教信仰，民族心理和性格等的制约和影响。

长期以来，在英语教学中语言和文化的这种关系一直未得到足够的重视。在教学实践中，似乎认为只要进行听，说，读，写的训练，掌握了语音，词汇和语法规则就能理解英语和用英语进行交际。

而实际上由于不了解语言的文化背景，不了解中西文化的差异，在英语学习和用英语进行交际中屡屡出现歧义误解频繁，语用失误迭出的现象。如：用How much money can you earn a month？来表示对外国人的关心，殊不知这是一句冒犯的问话，侵犯了别人隐私（privacy），会激起对方的反感。

中国人以谦逊为美德，如当外国人称赞中国人某一方面的特长时，中国人通常会用You are overpraising me （"过奖"）来应酬，这往往会让说话者感到你在怀疑他的判断力；抑或是用"Where? Where？"来回答，弄得外国人莫名其妙，不知所云。美国社会学家G.R.Tucker 和W.E.Lambet对于外语教学中只教语言不教文化有这样的看法："我们相信，任何这类企图都会使学生失去兴趣，使他们不仅不想学习语言符号本身，而且也不想了解使用这一符号系统的民族。

相反，帮助学生在学习语言时提高对文化的敏感性，就可以利用他们发自内心的想了解其他民族的兴趣和动力。

从而提供了学习该民族的语言的基础"。 二、中西文化的偶合现象与文化差异 不同民族的文化有可能存在某些相同或相似的地方，这被称为文化的偶合现象。

这主要是由于不同的民族在与大自然作斗争的过程中会有相同或相似的生活体验和经历。这种相似性必然会反映到语言中来。

因而在英语和汉语中，我们不难发现许多相同或相似的表达。例如："披着羊皮的狼"，英语为wolf in sheep's clothing；"同舟共济" ，英语为in the same boat；"破土动工"，英语为break earth；"三思而后行"，英语为 think twice before you act；"蓝图"，英语为blue print，等等，这样的偶合现象不胜枚举。

文化的这种偶合现象，可以促进English learners在目的语（target language）学习中的"正迁移"（positive transfer）。 但是，不同的民族所处的地理环境和历史环境不同，因而对不同的事物和经历有着不同的编码（code），分类；不同的民族因不同的宗教信仰，也导致了他们独特的笃信，崇尚和忌讳心态；不同的民族因其发展的特殊历史过程也产生了本民族自己的历史典故，传说轶事。

如：汉语中的"龙"，"生死轮回"，"八卦"，"阴阳"，"气功"等，对不了解中国文化的外国人来说必然是云里雾里，不知何物。同样，当我们看到英语中He is a wolf这个句子时，还以为是"这个人很凶"，实为"他是个好色之徒"。

中西两种文化的差异还可以从动物的"文化附加义"的差异窥见一斑。 对于狮子的勇猛（brave），绵羊的温顺（gentle），狐狸的狡猾（sly），乌龟的迟缓（slow），猪的贪婪（greedy），英语和汉语的文化附加义基本相同。

但在老鼠，骡子和猫头鹰的习性上，英语和汉语的文化附加义则大相径庭。在汉语中有"贼眉鼠目"，"鼠目寸光"等成语，用以形容鬼鬼祟祟和目光短浅。

而老鼠在英语俚语中可指女人，怕羞的人。更由于迪斯尼先生创造了Mickey Mouse这个尤物，从而使得老鼠的形象大放异彩，成为千家万户所喜爱的动物，尤其在儿童心目中，更是机智，智慧的象征。

至于骡子，在汉语中，"寿命长，体力大"是它的特征。而英语中骡子是"顽固（stubborn）"的代名词。

汉语中人们用猫头鹰象征不祥之兆，如"猫头鹰进宅，无事不。

2.关于“文化”的英语文章,急求啊·····可以讲中国传统文化,

What is a culture? Is it characterized by art or literature? Does it include actions, feelings, or thoughts? Is it ideas, objectives, or ways? What about beliefs or values, or customs or tradition? Is it something as simple as a field of activity or as complex as a neverending experiment?Culture is all of these, but it is true that it cannot be truly defined by a single stroke of words. In everyday conversation, the word culture might refer to such fields as literature, art, or music; yet scientists who study culture see it as something more complex, a way of life as well as acting, feelings, and thinking. And even within these "definitions" of culture there are different views on what exactly culture is.Painting a SceneSo what exactly is culture? The answer depends on you. However, it is not what culture IS that makes it so important and fascinating; it is what it means and what it represents. A culture defines and sets something apart from everything else. It makes something unique and therefore meaningful, not only to itself but also to the diversity of the world. A culture brings awe and inspiration as well as interest and curiosity.For thousands of years, the Culture of China has attracted and moved many people from all over the world, being so unique and one-of-a-kind as well as elegant and inspiring. The Chinese Culture, a culture that has evolved for thousands and thousands of years, contains rare beauty and enchantment with history. It has drawn so much interest that it is integrating with other cultures. Have you ever eaten fried noodles or kung po chicken at a local Chinese restaurant? Or have you ever seen the traditional style of the ch'i-p'ao used for blouses and dresses? You might have even watched Mulan, Disney's new animated film based on a Chinese folk tale. The Chinese Culture has played an important role in world society, and in China itself.With such a long history and old-living civilization, the Culture of China offers much more than anything or anyone could possible receive. For any country, and especially China, it is impossible to explore every little aspect of its culture. However, this site contains and explains general areas of the Chinese Culture for you to explore, the areas that have touched and lived across the world, the areas that best define China.The Chinese Culture has shown that China has become what it is capable of becoming. And with many many years still laying ahead, will the Culture of China offer even more？ 另一篇 christmas culture Christmas is the most magical time of the year -- the holiday itself centers around the most wonderous story ever told. This story has inspired countless other stories of holiday miracles. Long before the advent of motion pictures and television, the magic of Christmas was shared with the world through the written word of such classics as O. Henry's Gift of the Magi and Dicken's A Christmas Carol. In the spirit of those classic Christmas tales, we proudly present this collection of original Christmas stories. We hope that these stories brighten your holiday and help you to rediscover the spirit of Christmas。

when miracles happen and dreams come true.。

3.The Importance Of culture learning in English language communication

A new language opens up a whole new culture. A foreign language gives us access to another culture, and our lives take on a new dimension. The great German poet, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, said in 1827: "Whoever is not acquainted with foreign languages knows nothing of his own." Seen like that, learning a language is almost comparable to a journey of discovery - and if we remember the great explorers and the 18th century gentleman's grand tour, you might almost call it a British invention.

Conversely, to lose a language is to lose a whole culture. This realisation has led to determined efforts to preserve minority languages, including, for example, in Britain, with the renaissance of the Welsh and Gaelic languages. There are similar widespread efforts in Britain to promote community languages, for example by providing application forms in Urdu or other languages. It is a fundamental truth that cultures define themselves through languages.

4.中国文化的英语作文（120）词带翻译

Grow pu happily and healthily is the theme of people pursuring all the time.For children,it means playing games happily and do not come into contact with the danger,studying hard and have a health body.For adults,it means facing and dispoing of the difficulties positively.Everything has the other side.It is valuable to held the optimistic attithde to the life.Then how can we do this?

Keep studying and improving yourself continuously.Not only the rigid contents in the books,but also the great people or things around you.It is necessary go outside to exercise.As the saying gose,a health body is the basic of everything.For example,taking part in the comminity aactivities,fostering the interests.

5.写一篇有关于“文化”的英语作文

写一篇关于“山寨文化”的可以么？我觉得这种文化的关注比较少，会有亮点。

On Shanzhai Culture

Good afternoon, Ladies and gentlemen!It's an honor to give you a speech, and the title of my speech is "on Shanzhai culture".

The Chinese word "Shanzhai" literally means small mountain village,but it's now used to describe products that have names similar to famous brands or people who imitate celebrities. Products of "Shanzhai" usually have no good quality,but they are cheaper in price!

In my opinion, "Shanzhai" has become a culture of its own, representing non-mainstream ideas.It's a new way for common people to enjoy a better life with less money.

Generally speaking ,only if we make good use of "Shanzhai"culture, can we benefit from it.

大致意思就是说了一下现在的“山寨”文化的原本涵义以及现在衍生成为一种文化，山寨在价格上占有优势，但质量不是很好，我们只有好好利用山寨文化，才能用较少的金钱过上更好的日子。

6.要一篇关于基础知识重要性的英语作文在100字左右,最好带翻译

With the fast development of our society, life-long learning has become very important for everyone. This is because one needs lo acquire new knowledge continuously in order to meet the needs of his work. There are several ways for one to learn life-long. One way is to take a part-time education program. That means, one is studying part time while he is working. The program could be at undergraduate level or graduate level. The second way is to study by yourself. You can learn whatever you need for your work on your own. You can learn from books, from TV programs or from radio. I think that life-long learning is very necessary to us. We can choose either of the two ways mentioned above, It depends on your personal preference and interest. I prefer the first one because this kind of learning is systematic and formal. With the help of the teachers, it is easier to learn and quicker to get what you need for your work. 翻译如下： 随着社会的快速发展，终身学习已成为对每个人来说都非常重要。

这是因为人需要不断获得新知识，以满足工作的需要。有几种方式给一个终生的学习。

一种方法是采取兼职教育项目。这意味着从事他正在研究部分。

这个项目可能在本科生或研究生水平。第二种方法是研究自己。

你可以为你自己工作学习任何你需要的。你可以从书中学习，从电视节目或收音机。

我认为终身学习对我们是非常必要的。我们可以选择上述两种方法中的任何一个，这取决于你的个人喜好和兴趣。

我更喜欢第一个，因为这种学习是系统的、正式的。在老师的帮助下，更容易学习和更快地得到你需要你的工作。

7.英语文化小知识

or it to be made up entirely from within the continent, the Americans among others had argued that Africa does not have enough trained soldiers to make up a credible and effective force. Here's David Bamford. Mr. Konare's comments, following talks with President Omar al-Bashir in Sudan, are likely to raise eyebrows on the UN Security Council, which has been battling with the Sudanese leader for months on a compromise resolution that would specifically allow non-African peacekeepers to join the revamped Darfur force. There is already an African Union force in Darfur, but it's poorly trained, ill-equipped and only 7,000 in number. The UN is talking about something much more robust, able to stand up to the Janjaweed and rebel militias in Darfur. A foreign man who had been kidnapped in the oil producing region of southern Nigeria has died shortly after being set free. Officials said the man was released by the hostage takers near the town of Yenagoa. Election observers in Sierra Leone have said Saturday's presidential and parliamentary elections were free, fair and credible. They said the ballot went smoothly and the presence of police had given confidence to voters. The European Union's Chief Election Observer Marie-Anne Isler Beguin said she was satisfied with how the election was conducted. "Of course we have a good view now, a good picture of what happened yesterday and we at this moment can be satisfied of the global participation and the global organization." It was Sierra Leone's first election since the departure of the United Nations' peacekeepers who had steered its recovery from years of civil war. The Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki has called on leaders of the main parliamentary factions to hold talks within the next two days to try to resolve a political crisis. Two factions have recently withdrawn from the national unity cabinet saying it had failed to end sectarianism. The cabinet is now narrowly based on Shiite Muslim religious parties and Kurdish groups and it has almost no Sunni Arab members. United Nations Children's Fund is making an urgent appeal for women in Iraq to breastfeed their children rather than use infant formula milk. Infant formula needs to be mixed with water and UNICEF says diarrhea caused by water contamination is one of the biggest killers of Iraqi children. A senior Afghan official says he now expects two South Koreans being held by Taliban militants will be released within the next 24 hours. A Taliban spokesman said on Saturday the two Korean women who are said to be unwell had already been released, but this was not confirmed. The authorities in Guatemala say they've rescued 46 more children and babies they think may have been taken from their parents for illegal adoption by foreigners. Police say the infants were found at a house in the city of Antigua after neighbors reported seeing foreigners collecting children there every day. Daniel Schweimler reports. The authority is now investigating whether the children were stolen or their parents were coerced into giving them up. The attorney general's office said that few of the children had the necessary paperwork and the house did not have permission to operate as an adoption center. Last year couples in the United States adopted more than 4,000 infants from Guatemala where it can take half the time and cost considerably less than it does elsewhere. International diplomats leading the latest talks on the future of Kosovo say the partition of the province which is still technically part of Serbia might be possible if both Serbs and Albanians agree. The comments appeared to mark a change in policy. Until now, the international community had insisted that the province stay as one. Nick Thorpe reports. The United States, Russia and the European Union have the unenviable task of trying to broker a deal for Kosovo acceptable to all sides after all other efforts have failed. Wolfgang Ischinger, the EU envoy, told reporters that all options were open to resolve the deadlock, which has reined since the aerial bombing campaign by NATO forced the Serb police and army out of the province eight years ago. A court in China has given a one-year prison sentence and a fine about 130 dollars to a television journalist Zi Beijia who made up a recent report about street vendors in Beijing selling meat buns stuffed with chemicals and cardboard. Mr. Zi's report received wide circulation abroad, embarrassing the government at a time when China is facing 。

8.语言知识和文化知识哪个更重要 英语作文

跨文化交际能力的培养和提高成为当今教育界普遍关注的话题，提高跨文化交际能力就要求学生对语言所折射的文化有深入的了解。

这一教学目的的实现必然要依托于课堂上教师对学生的文化导入，因此文化导入便成为语言教学过程中一重要环节。基于这一原因和现象，本文着重论述了课堂上教师进行文化知识渗透的重要性。

1.引言 美国人类学教授、社会语言学家德尔·海姆斯（Dell Hymes,1972）首先提出了交际能力学说。80年代初，加拿大学者卡纳尔和斯温（Cenale & Swain,1980/1983）拓展了交际能力的相关概念，丰富了焦急能力学说的内容。

他们提出交际能力至少包含语法能力、社会语言能力、语篇能力和策略能力等四方面的知识与技能。因此，教学中对提高学生的交际能力也越来越受到关注。

而英语学习的过程，涉及到了交际双方来自不同的文化背景。只有强化学生的跨文化交际能力才能更好地跨越不同的文化障碍，有效地进行学习。

在对大学生跨文化交际能力的现状调查（高永晨，2006）中，调查者发现如今学多原因导致今天大学生跨文化交际能力不强的现状。而导致这一状况的原因在于学生对所学语言所蕴含的文化知识不够了解，因此就不能准确地道地应用语言。

对于学生来说，较为系统地进行语言学习的地点莫过于课堂，因此在教学过程中文化导入这一重要环节也必然要给予足够的重视。 2.文化知识学习的重要性 2.1文化错误影响语言学习的纯粹性 语言学习者在语言习得的过程中会遇到各种各样的障碍。

造成这些语言学习的障碍时多方面的。其中一重要原因就需要看语言与文化的关系。

一方面，语言是文化的一个特殊组成部分，是传递文化的载体，是文化不可分割的部分，没有语言就没有文化；另一方面，语言又受文化的影响，反映文化、理解语言必须了解文化，理解文化必须了解语言，语言和文化是相辅相成、相互影响和密不可分的。因此语言学习与文化学习也是同样不能孤立开来的。

学生在英语语言学习的过程中频频出现文化错误，这些文化错误大大影响了语言学习的流畅性。语言是思维的工具，也是思维的主要表现形式。

思维方式的不同必然影响表达思想内容的语言形式的不同，思维方式的差异即成为学生犯文化错误的原因之一。不同于汉语语句，英语句子中的语法成分有其独立作用，以谓语为核心来控制句内各种成分。

涉及动作含义的句内其它成分要以非谓语形式或从句按规则与主谓结构相连。但学生在英语语言学习的过程中这样的句子并不少见。

①I have many companions dream of going abroad. ②Although I tried,but I still failed. 这样的句子正是由于中国的思维习惯而生成的“中国式英语”的例子。如果不改变汉语的思维方式，像这样不伦不类的句子会继续滋生，学习地道、纯粹的英语将面临巨大障碍。

2.2母语文化干扰 文化干扰是指学习者不知不觉地将本民族的习惯或文化模式套用到或下意识地强加到所学的目的语上去，从而产生理解上的偏误，甚至导致交际的失败。每种语言都是一种特定文化形态的载体，习惯于某种文化的人往往不把自己的习以为常的行为看作受某些内在的符号规律所支配。

一种文化观念越是强大，这种文化符号及其表意功能就越是不为人所自觉意识。如果我们把语言这个最典型的符号系统作为模式，我们就必须努力排除视非语言符号为理所当然的思想习惯，把注意力引向它们的内在结构及其约定俗成的基础。

这样学生在目的语学习的过程中就会很少，进而不出现以下尴尬对话所导致的交际障碍。 ③—Your dress is really nice！ —No,no!Where,where！ 当然，教师在英语教学过程中要把握好对目的语文化的重视程度，要避免由于过于强调目的语文化导入而造成的在英语学习中母语文化缺失的现象，这样才能更好地兼容语言教学和文化教学。

转2.3当代大学生的跨文化交际能力不够 由于我国教育体制受“应试教育”的影响，学生的听、说、读、写、译等语言能力的学习能力与其跨文化交际能力并不成正比。这即是“高分低能”的表现之一。

很多学生对于跨文化方面知识、对西方习俗的了解程度、对非语言交际了解程度都不够深入，因此与外国人交往时就很被动，这些都是学生跨文化交际能力不强的表现。美国外语教学协会（American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Language）在其编写的外语教学大纲中把社会文化能力列入交际能力中，这样跨文化能力就成了与语言运用能力并行的另外一种能力。

在外语教育界，有一股更强大的动力促使广大师生意识到语言能力教育已远远不能满足他们的要求，跨文化交际能力是外语教育的最终目的。 3.文化知识的学习要行之有效 在英语学习过程中，影响文化知识学习因素是多方面的。

教师应该采用灵活多变的方法提高学生对文化的敏感性，培养文化意识。教材中不符合文化现象的内容是不容忽视的，它会直接影响学生对所学目的语的把握和运用。

因此教材选编上要兼顾知识性和文化性，同时还要捕捉学生学习的兴奋点，以此促进学生有效学习。 教师在课堂教学中发挥重要作用。

围绕大学生跨文化交际能力的提高对教师提出的挑战，采取出国培训、文化讲。