教科书+笔记。
第一册:一般现在时( to be)表示经常性的动作,现在存在的情况或状态。 1.陈述句(肯定) 陈述句是陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法。
I'm Sam. This is my mother. It's a black dog. He's a doctor. She's a driver. 2.特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句归类 问“谁……”,“什么……”,“在哪里……”等这一类的问句叫做特殊疑问句。这种问句以疑问词开头。
How are you? How many? How old are you? What's your name? What's this? Where's the cat? 试题举例 三年级试题(第二册) Listen and choose.(听录音,根据图片选择正确答语,将序号填入括号里。) ( ) 2. A.They's tigers. B.They're monkeys. 隐形问句为: What are they? 读写部分:问句和答语分成两组连线,或者提供问句和2个被选答语进行选择。
1.How are you? A.I'm nine 2.How old are you? B.I'm fine,thank you. ? 1.How are you ? A.I'm nine. B.I'm fine,thank you 3.一般疑问句:试题举例 Ⅳ.Listen and draw faces .( 听音,与图片相符的画笑脸,不符的画哭脸。) 1. 1. Is it a kite ? Yes, it is. 2 2. Is it a bird? No,it isn't. 4.祈使句: 让学生明白向对方发出指令的表达方式。
在第三模块中出现的 Sit down ,please. Stand up, please. Point to the window. Point to the door. 第二册:一般现在时(to do )—表示经常性的动作,现在存在的情况或状态。 1.陈述句的否定式: 如; 第三模块的表示喜欢与不喜欢 I like football. I don't like table tennis. 2.含有行为动词的一般疑问句表达方式: Do you like meat? Does he like bananas? 3.名词复数 They're monkeys. 4.第三人称单数动词的变化 教师在根据情景用语言表述时引导学生发现总结 如:I go to school by bike. She goes to school by bus. 5.介词 in, on ,under 的用法。
This pencil-box is on the desk. This pen is in the pencil-box. That chair is under the desk. 6.疑问句归类: Do you like meat? Does Lingling like bananas? What's the time, please? What do you do at the weekend? What does she do at the weekend? 第三册:现在进行时、情态动词、一般将来时(be going to的结构)、there be句型 1.现在进行时:通常表示此时此刻或当前一个时期内正在进行的活动。 I watch TV at the weekend. I am watching TV now. 2.情态动词:can 的一般疑问句及其答语。
情态动词can 表示能力或者可能性(即客观上是否允许)。 Can you jump high? Yes, I can. No, I can't 3.一般将来时:be going to 的用法——表示打算(预备)做某事(表达的是主观愿望。)
We're going to go to Hainan. I'm going to visit my grandpa. 4.there be 句型: “在某个范围内有…”,在第十模块主要练习运用了在某个月份有几个 同学过生日,在一年里有十二个月。辨析举例: “there be”与“have got ”译成汉语时都有一个"有"字,这二者之间又有什么区别呢? ①there be表示“有”时,侧重于客观存在,常用于"某地(某时)有某物" 的句型,至于此物属于谁则无关紧要。
如: There are twelve months in the year. ②have(has) got表示“有”时,侧重于主观方面,有"所有"的意思,常 用于“某人(某物)有某物”的句型,至于此物在何时何地则无需谈及。如: I've got a new book. ③有时候there be和have(has) got可以互换使用,句子意义没有什么差别。
如: We have got a lot of time. (=There is a lot of time.)我们时间很多。 ④有些情况下,there be和have是不能互换使用的。
I have two hands.我有两只手。 (不能说:There are two hands on my body.) “have got” 和 “have” 的区别 问题:一年级起点5册 M6中,I've got a 。
. Have you got a 。? 现在好象在生活中使用这种句型的场合及教材都比较少了.学生学起来也比较拗口.与此相关的几个模块也是难度比较大. 为什么不用 I have a 。
Do you have a 。?学生学起来也比较容易. 回答:have you got 。
这种说法更英式;Do you have 。 更美式。
因为本套教材与英国合作编写,所以拼写、句式都更偏向于英式英语。 在教学时,这种表达方式当固定句型教授,不要把完成时等概念引入比较好。
5.some 的用法 教材中出现:Do you want some rice? Can I have some sweets? 含有some的肯定句在变成疑问句时,在下列情况之下, some不必变成any。例如: ①在固定词组中。
Do you usually do some shopping?你通常去购物吗? ②在相当于祈使句的问句中。 Would you like some fruits?你想吃点水果吗? Do you want some rice? ③希望对方给予肯定的答复,表达请求语气时。
Can I have some sweets? 6.疑问句归类: Where are you going ? What are you/they doing? What are you going to do? Can you run fast? Can I have some sweets? Do you want some rice? 第四册:一般将来时(will的用法)、形容词的比较级、一般过去时 1.一般将来时表示将要发生的事情。 be going to 是打算,表示主观意志 will 是将会,表示客观将要。
教师可以通过一定的语言情景用be going to 结构句式跟will 替换。 On Monday I'll go swimming.可以替换be going to Robots will 。
一.用下列所给组合成正确的单词: N w a t r a a t t l a p e e s w r h e e二. 把下列英语句子译成汉语:1.Start from the bus stop in front of our school. 2.Take the No.17 bus. 3.Is it far from our school? 4.Put the flag on the school. 5.There is a hospital in the middle.三 .把下列单词组合成正确的句子 1.on ,left,the,is,the,bookstare2.dinosaur,show,is,in,there,museum,today,the,a, 3.can,get,how,museum,I,to,the. 4,it,far,is,here,from5,want,buy,I ,pair,to,a ,shoes,of.四.选择适当的词补全对话For, where, welcome, hospital, left, after, pair, by, on, get. Li Ming:What are you going to do school? Amy: I want to buy a of shoes.is the shoe store?Li Ming:It's next to the . Amy:How can I to the hospital?Li Ming:You can go the NO,301 bus.Get off at the cinema.Then walk straight three minutes.The hospital is the . Amy:Thank you. Li Ming:You are .五.把下列各句按照先后顺序重新排列:(A)Get off at the post office. (B)Find the white building on the left. (C)Take the No.17 bus. (D)Look for me near the door.(E)Start from the bus in front of our school.(F)Walk east for three minutes.六.按要求变化下列句型:1.The museum is next to the hospital.(对划线部分提问) the museum?2.The bookstore is far from here.(变为一般疑问句) ?3.---Thank you.(作出相应的回答) 4.祝愿他人生日快乐时说: 5.I am near the door.(对划线部分提问) you?七.把下列汉语句子译成英语. 1.书店在左边. 2.直走三分钟. 3.在电影院下车. 4.乘12路公共汽车. 5.它在学校的东边.八,填入空缺的字母: 1. l br ry 2.h sp tal九.从下列各组词中找出不同类的词,将其序号填入题前括号内. ( )1. A.library B.hospital C,cinema D,party. ( )2.A.north B,party C.south D.east ( )3.A.wait B.bus C.train D.bike十,选择填空,( )1.Sarah:Where is the library? Zhang Peng: A.It's in front of the school. B.Where is the school? C.Is there a library near here? D.Yes,it is. ( )2.Liu:Excuse me,is there a cinema near here? Policeman:A.Yes,there are. B.No,there aren't. CYes,there is. D,No,there is.十一.选择恰当的英译 ( )1.请问,电影院在哪儿?A. Where is the cinema,please? B. Where is the school,please? C. Where is the post office,please? D. Where is the library,please? ( )2.医院离这儿很远吗?A.You're welcome. B.No,it's not far. e - came , lose - lost , find - found , drink - drank , hurt - hurt , feel - felt 四:动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则: ① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating ② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing ③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting 五:人称代词与物主代词一、人称代词人称 单数 复数 主格 宾格 主格 宾格第一人称 I me we us第二人称 you you you you第三人称 he him they them she her it it 二、物主代词 数 人称类别 单数 复数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称形容词性物主代词 my your his her its our your their名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs汉语 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他(她、它)们的六:句型专项归类 1.肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:I'm a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital. There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening. 2,否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:I'm not a student. She is not (isn't) a doctor. He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital. There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom. He will not (won't) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn't) watch TV yesterday evening. ☆注意☆ 小结:否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词 "not".有动词be的句子则"not"加在be后面,可缩写成"isn't,aren't",但am not 一般都分开写.没有动词be的句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一个助动词(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上"not",你也可以把它们缩写在一起如"don't , doesn't , didn't ).这三个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择,其中"does"只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而"did"只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用"did" . 3,一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用"yes",或"no"来回答. 如:Are you a student Yes, I am / No, I'm not. Is she a doctor Yes, she is. / No, she isn't. Does he work in a hospital Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't. Are there four fans in our classroom Yes, there are. / No, there aren't. Are you going to buy a comic book tonight Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we aren't.) Will he 。
小学英语语法及习题一、名词复数规则1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives5.不规则名词复数:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese写出下列各词的复数 I _________him _________this ___________her ______watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______man______ woman_______ paper_______ juice___________water________ milk________ rice__________ tea__________二、一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍 【No. 1】一般现在时的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。
如:The sky isblue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。
如:I get up atsix every day.我每天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。
如:The earth goesaround the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 一般现在时的构成 1. be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。
如: I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。
如: We study English.我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。
如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。 一般现在时的变化 1. be动词的变化。
否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。 如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。
一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。 如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。
如:Where is mybike? 2.行为动词的变化。 否定句:主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。
如: I don't like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。如: He doesn't often play. 一般疑问句:Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。
如: - Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。如: - Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。
如:How doesyour father go to work?动词+s的变化规则1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks,milk-milks2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies一般现在时用法专练:一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ____come________ watch______ plant_______ fly________study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.11. Mike _______(like) cooking.12. They _______(have) the same hobby.13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.14. You always _______(do) your homework well.15. I _______(be) ill. I'm staying in bed.16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.20. -What day _______(be) ittoday?- It's Saturday.三、按照要求改写句子1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)___________________________________________________2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)________________________________________________________3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答)___________________________ 4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答)___________________________________________________5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)_______________________________________________________6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句)___________________________________________________7。
PEP小学英语毕业总复习一:学生易错词汇1. a, an的选择: 元音字母开头的单词用an,辅音字母开头的单词用a.2. am , is , are的选择: 单数用is , 复数用are. I 用 am , you 用 are.3. have , has 的选择: 表示某人有某物。
单数用has , 复数用have. I , you 用 have .4. there is, there are 的选择:表示某地有某物,某人。单数用there is , 复数用there are.5. some, any 的选择:肯定句用some, 疑问句和否定句用any.6. 疑问词的选择:what (什么) who (谁) where (哪里) whose (谁的) why(为什么)when(什么时候)which(哪一个)how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少钱)二:形容词比较级详解当我们需要对事物作出比较时,需要用到比较级。
比较级的句子结构通常是:什么 + 动词be (am , is , are ) + 形容词比较级 + than(比)+ 什么 ,如:I'm taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重。)An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大。)
形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的,它的变化规则是:① 一般的直接在词尾加er ,如 tall - taller , strong - stronger , ② 以e结尾的,直接加r ,如 fine – finer ,③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的,先改y为i再加er,如funny - funnier④ 双写最后的字母再加er,如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,hot – hotter☆注意 比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西。典型错误:My hair is longer than you.(我的头发比你更长。)
比较的两者是我的头发、你(整个人),那么比较的对象就没有可比性。应该改为:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair.比较级专项练习: 一、从方框中选出合适的单词完成句子 heavy tall long big(1) How is the Yellow River?(2) How is Mr Green? He's 175cm.(3) How are your feet? I wear size 18.(4)How is the fish? It's 2kg.二、根据句意写出所缺的单词(1) I'm 12 years old. You're 14. I'm than you.(2) A rabbit's tail is than a monkey's tail.(3) An elephant is than a pig.(4) A lake is than a sea.(5) A basketball is than a football.三、根据中文完成句子.(1) 我比我的弟弟大三岁. I'm than my brother.(2) 这棵树要比那棵树高. This tree than that one.(3) 你比他矮四厘米. You are than he.(4) 谁比你重? than you?四、根据答句写出问句(1) I'm 160 cm.(2) I'm 12 years old.(4) Amy's hair is 30 cm long.三:动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有:A、规则动词① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited② 以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was , are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt四:动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则:① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating ② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing ③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting五:人称和数 人称代词 物主代词 主格 宾格 第一人称 单数 I(我) me my(我的) 复数 we(我们) us our(我们的)第二人称 单数 you(你) you your(你的) 复数 you(你们) you your(你们的)第三人称 单数 he(他) him his(他的) she(她) her her(她的) it(它) it its(它的) 复数 they(他们/她们/它们) them their(他们的/她们的/它们的)六:句型专项归类1、肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:I'm a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital. There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening. 2、否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:I'm not a student. She is not (isn't) a doctor. He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital. There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom. He will not (won't) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn't) watch TV yesterday evening. ☆注意 小结:否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词 “not”。
有动词be的句子则“not”加在be后面,可缩写成“isn't,aren't”,但am not 一般都分开写。没有动词be的句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一个助动词(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上“not”,你也可以把它们缩写在一起如“don't , doesn't , didn't )。
这三个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择,其中“does”只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而“did”只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用“did” 。3、一。
一:学生易错词汇 1. a, an的选择: 元音字母开头的单词用an,辅音字母开头的单词用a. 2. am , is , are的选择: 单数用is , 复数用are. I 用 am , you 用 are. 3. have , has 的选择: 表示某人有某物.单数用has , 复数用have. I ,you 用 have . 4. there is, there are 的选择:表示某地有某物,某人.单数用there is , 复数用there are. 5. some, any 的选择:肯定句用some, 疑问句和否定句用any. 6. 疑问词的选择:what (什么) who (谁) where (哪里) whose (谁的) why(为什么)when(什么时候)which(哪一个)how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少钱) 二:形容词比较级详解 当我们需要对事物作出比较时,需要用到比较级.比较级的句子结构通常是: 什么 + 动词be (am , is , are ) + 形容词比较级 + than(比)+ 什么 ,如: I'm taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重.) An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大.) 形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的,它的变化规则是: ① 一般的直接在词尾加er ,如 tall - taller , strong - stronger , ② 以e结尾的,直接加r ,如 fine – finer , ③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的,先改y为i再加er,如funny - funnier ④ 双写最后的字母再加er,如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,hot – hotter ☆注意☆ 比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西. 典型错误:My hair is longer than you.(我的头发比你更长.) 比较的两者是我的头发,你(整个人),那么比较的对象就没有可比性. 应该改为:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair. . 三:动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有: A,规则动词 ① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed: ② 以e结尾的动词直接加d: ③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 四:动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则: ① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , ② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing , ③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少) 五:人称和数 六:句型专项归类 肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子, 2,否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子 ☆注意☆ 小结:否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词 "not".有动词be的句子则"not"加在be后面,可缩写成"isn't,aren't",但am not 一般都分开写.没有动词be的句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一个助动词(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上"not",你也可以把它们缩写在一起如"don't , doesn't , didn't ).这三个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择,其中"does"只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而"did"只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用"did" . 3,一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用"yes",或"no"来回答. ☆注意☆ 小结:一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上, ①把动词be调到首位,其他照写,末尾标点符号变成问号即可. ②没有动词be的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词(do,does,did)再把紧跟在后面的动词变回原形,末尾标点符号变成问号即可. 这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态来选择,其中"does"只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而"did"只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用"did" .一般疑问句有个重要的原则就是问和答要一致,即问句里的第一个单词(助动词)和简略答句里的这个词是一致的. 4,特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子.此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用"yes ,no"来回答.stopped。
不知道这些算不算。
. 主要记语法的定义和用法 对自己的情况进行学习 加油!第一章 名 词 一、定义 名词是表示人或事物名称的词。它既可以表示具体的东西,也可以是表示抽象的东西。
2、可数名词与不定冠词a(an)连用有数数形式,不可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用,没有复数形式 many+可数名词复数 much/a little+不可数名词 some, any , a lot of (lots of) 两者都可以修饰。 3、可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰 不可数名词 数词 +量词 +of + 名词 对可数名词的数量提问用how many 对不可数名词的数量提问用 how much 4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法: 1) some, much ,a little ,a lot of ,a bit of , plenty of 用等表示多少。
注意既可以与可数名词复数,又可以与不可数名词连用的有:plenty of ,some ,a lot of ,lots of ,most of 等。 如there is much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水。
i'll tell you much good news.我要告诉你许多好消息。 we should collect some useful information我们应该收集一些有用的消息。
2) 用单位词表示。 用a 。
of 表示。 如 a cup of ( 一杯。
),a bottle of (一瓶。
) a piece of ( 一张。
),a pair of shoes(一双鞋) 如two cups of tea(两杯茶),five pieces of paper(五张纸) 注意单位词后的动词单复数形式往往取决于单位词的单复数形式;千、百等数词与名词加用,表示复数时,数词仍保持单数,名词变复数。
第二章 冠 词一、定义冠词是一种虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面(相当于名词的帽子),帮助指明名词的含义。三、用法1、定冠词的用法a 、an与数词one 同源,是"一个"的意思。
a用于辅音音素前,而an则用于元音音素前。(1) 表示某一类人或某事物中的任何一个,经常用在第一次提到某人或某物时,用不定冠词起介绍作用,表示一个。
i gave him a book yesterday .我昨天给了他一本书i am reading an interesting story . 我在读一则有趣的故事。 (2) 表示人或事物的某一种类, 强调整体, 即以其中的一个代表一类。
a horse is useful to mankind. 马对人类有用。 (3) 不定冠词用在事物的"单位"前,如时间, 速度, 价格等意义的名词之前,表示 "每一"。
we often go to school two times a day. 我们常常一天两次去学校。 i went to the library once a week at least. (4) 不定冠词用来指某人某物,但不具体说明任何人或任何物。
a boy came to see you a moment ago. 刚才有一个小孩来找你。(5)在序数词前表示"又一;再一"时。
如:i want to read the story a second time 我想再读一遍这篇小说 。(6) 表示不特定的"某一个"时。
如:a mr. smith is calling on the phone. 有一位史密斯先生来电话找你 。(7)在特定的短语里表示特定的含义,与不可数名词连用,如:have a good time 过得高兴(8) 一日三餐前有修饰语时。
如:-mum, what shall we have for lunch?-jiaozi. -oh, what a wonderful lunch! i enjoy it very much.(9) 在形容词最高级前表示"非常"时。如:lesson nine is a most difficult lesson, but it isn't the most difficult one.(10)不定冠词用于某些词组中。
a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden2.定冠词的用法定冠词the与指示代词this,that,these,those同源,有"那(这)个" "这(那)些"的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。以下为必须加定冠词的情形:(1)在表示双方都明白的人或物的名词之前:take the medicine. 把药吃了。
(2)在上文提到过的人或事的名称之前: he bought a house. i've been to the house. 他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。
(3)在指世上独一无二的事物的名词之前: the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth (4)与单数名词连用表示一类事物,如: the fox is cunning .狐狸是狡猾的。(5)与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich 富人; the living 生者。
(6)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only, very, same等前面: where do you live? i live on the second floor. 你住在哪?我住在二层。 that's the very thing that ineed 那正是我需要的东西。
(7)在表示"。世纪。
年代"的结构之前第三章 介词一、定义介词preposition缩写prep.,又叫前置词,表示其后的名词或代词(或是相当于名词的其他短语或从句)与其他句子成分的关系。介词是一种虚词,不能单独在句中作成分。
二、介词的用法1、表示时间的(at 、on、in、at、before ,after、by、until、through、from、since、within)(1)at:用于表示时刻,时间的某一点。 at noon在午时 at night在夜间 at present目前(2)on:用于星期,某天,某一天的上午、下午、晚上(指具体的某一天时,一律用)on sunday在星期天 on sunday morning 在星期天的上午 on march 8 在3月8日(3)in:用于表示周、月、季节、年、泛指上午、下午、晚上。
in 1999 在1999年 in november 在11月份 in summer 在夏季 in the afternoon在下午过……后(未来时间)。
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