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中专英语语法知识点总结
第一章:词类、词法、句子成分和句法第二章:
名词的数:1.名词复数的构成可数名词复数规则变化和一些常见名词不规则变化形式。
2.不可数名词没有复数形式
3.名词作主语时,句中主、谓语的一致关系。
4.名词的所有格
第三章:
冠词:1.冠词的分类的基本用法
2.不定冠词(a, an )和定冠词(the)的基本用法
3.一些不加冠词的情况
第四章:
代词: 1.人称代词的主格、宾格
2.名词性物主代词、形容词性物主代词的构成及用法
3.自身代词、指示代词(this,that,these,those,it)和不定代词(some,any,no,none,many,much,few,little,each,every,one,all,both,neither,other,another)的构成及用法
第五章:
数词:1.数词的分类:基数词和序数词
2.数词的几种用法,重点掌握1----9种
第六章:
形容词和副词1.形容词和副词基本用法:“the+形容词”表示某一类人或物,形容词修饰something, everything, anything, nothing等不定代词时的位置,副词在句中的位置,常见副词短语。
2.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级:要求重点掌握形容词比较级和最高级的构成及用法。学习中注意规则变化形式及少数不规则变化的形式。学习中注意规则变化的形式及少数不规则变化的形式。在用法上,要注意在比较级之后一般跟有第八章:
2020年Unit1welcome欢迎welcome to欢迎到……来vocational职业的glad高兴的be glad to do很高兴做……meet遇见;汇合;迎接look看;瞧。
看起来,显得……look at……看……classroom教室building建筑物;楼房classroom building教学楼lab实验室floor楼层;地板large大的bright明亮的class班级;课节library图书馆lot批,块a lot of许多……read读;阅读reading room阅览室study学习after在……之后after class课后see看见next下次的;其次的next to靠着;紧挨着dormitory宿舍dining-hall餐厅bedroom卧室;寝室let让play玩playground运动场;操场way路,途径,方法basketball篮球every每一;每个love热爱;爱好hard努力地;adj硬的;难的thank感谢thank。for。
为……而感谢……visit参观time时间;次数English英国的,英语的;英语nice好的;令人愉快的want想要great伟大的;巨大的,(口语)好极了how如何;怎样;多么later稍后;随后blackboard黑板desk书桌;办公桌chair椅子seat座位,坐席handsome潇洒的;有风度的young年轻的man人;男人。
如何快速学好英语及方法1: 想学好英语,首先要培养对英语的兴趣。
“兴趣是最好的老师”,兴趣是学习英语的巨大动力,有了兴趣,学习就会事半功倍。我们都有这样的经验:喜欢的事,就容易坚持下去;不喜欢的事,是很难坚持下去的。
而兴趣不是与生俱来的,需要培养。有的同学说:“我一看到英语就头疼,怎么能培养对英语的兴趣呢?”还有的同学说:“英语单词我今天记了明天忘,我太笨了,唉,我算没治了。”
这都是缺乏信心的表现。初学英语时,没有掌握正确的学习方法,没有树立必胜的信心,缺乏了克服困难的勇气,丧失了上进的动力,稍遇失败,就会向挫折缴枪,向困难低头。
你就会感到英语是一门枯燥无味的学科,学了一段时间之后,学习积极性也逐渐降低,自然也就不会取得好成绩。但是,只要在老师的帮助下,认识到学英语的必要性,用正确的态度对待英语学习,用科学的方法指导学习。
开始时多参加一些英语方面的活动,比如 ,唱英文歌、做英语游戏、读英语幽默短文、练习口头对话等。时间长了,懂得多了,就有了兴趣,当然,学习起来就有了动力和欲望。
然后,就要像农民一样勤勤恳恳,不辞辛苦,付出辛勤的劳动和汗水,一定会取得成功,收获丰硕的成果。毕竟是No pains, no gains吗。
练好基本功是学好英语的必要条件,没有扎实的英语基础,就谈不上继续学习,更谈不上有所成就。要想基本功扎实,必须全神贯注地认真听讲,上好每一节课,提高课堂效率,脚踏实地、一步一个脚印地,做到以下“五到”: 一、“心到”。
在课堂上应聚精会神,一刻也不能懈怠,大脑要始终处于积极状态,思维要活跃、思路要开阔,心随老师走,听懂每一句话,抓住每一个环节,理解每一个知识点,多联想、多思考,做到心领神会。 二、“手到”。
学英语,一定要做课堂笔记。因为人的记忆力是有限的,人不可能都过目不忘,记忆本身就是不断与遗忘作斗争的过程。
常言说,“好脑筋不如烂笔头”。老师讲的知识可能在课堂上记住了,可是过了一段时间,就会忘记,所以,做好笔记很有必要。
英语知识也是一点点积累起来的,学到的每一个单词、词组以及句型结构,都记在笔记本上,甚至是书的空白处或字里行间,这对以后的复习巩固都是非常方便的。 三、“耳到”。
在课堂上,认真听讲是十分必要的,不但要专心听老师对知识的讲解,而且要认真听老师说英语的语音、语调、重音、连读、失去爆破、断句等发音要领,以便培养自己纯正地道的英语口语。听见听懂老师传授的每一个知识点,在头脑里形成反馈以帮助记忆;理解领会老师提出的问题,以便迅速作答,对比同学对问题的回答,以加深对问题的理解而取别人之长补自己之短。
四、“眼到”。在认真听讲的同时,还要双眼紧随老师观察老师的动作、口形、表情、板书、绘图、教具展示等。
大脑里形成的视觉信息和听觉信息相结合,印象就会更加深刻。 五、“口到”。
学习语言,不张嘴不动口是学不好的,同学们最大的毛病是读书不出声,害羞不敢张嘴。尤其是早读课,同学们只是用眼看或默读,这样就只有视觉信息,而没有听觉信息在大脑里的反馈,当然记忆也不会太深刻,口部肌肉也得不到锻炼,也就很难练就一口纯正的英语。
所以,要充分利用早晨头脑清醒的时间,大声朗读;课堂上要勇跃回答老师提问、积极参与同学间讨论和辩论,课下对不清楚的问题及时提出,要克服害羞心理,不耻下问。对学过的课文要多读、勤读、苦读,可以跟录音机读,竭力模仿其语音语调以纠正发音,要读得抑扬顿挫朗朗上口,一些精典文章最好能背得滚爪烂熟。
利用一切可能的机会,练习英语口语,比如,与外教交流、参加“英语角”活动、与同学进行对话、讲英语故事、唱英文歌曲、演英语短剧、进行诗歌朗诵等。除了对课本中的范文要细读精读之外,还要多看些适合我们中学生的课外读物,既可增长知识,又开阔了我们的视野,也提高了我们的阅读水平。
学英语,词汇的记忆是必不可少的,词汇是学好英语的基础,没有了词汇,也就谈不上句子,更谈不上文章,所以记单词对我们就显得极其重要。记忆单词关键有二: 一是持之以恒:每天坚持记忆一定量的词汇,过几天再回头复习一次,这样周期循环,反复记忆,经常使用,就会变短时记忆为长时记忆并牢固掌握。
需要注意的是,一旦开始,就要坚持下来,千万不能半途而废,切不可三天打鱼,两天晒网。 二是良好的记忆方法:记忆单词的方法很多,学无定法,但学有良法。
我认为,张思中的“集中识词,分类记忆”不失为一种适合中学生的好方法。把中学生应掌握的3500个单词集中汇总,分门别类,先过单词关,然后再学教材,在课本中使用和巩固它们的用法。
分类的方法有多种,同一元音或元音字母组合发音相同的单词归为一类;根据词形词性、同义词反义词等集中记忆;把相同词根、前缀、后缀、合成、转化、派生等构词法相同的单词或词组列在一起集中识记印象比较深刻,记忆效果也比较明显。这样每天记40-80个单词,坚持不懈,多联想,多思考,多使用,词汇问题不就解决了吗?在学习的过程中多注视单词的。
例3 Directions: If you are the teacher of the students' Counseloris office: P: steelpes, and you have received a letter for requesting for paid education leave from a student. Write him a memo to reply him including details: 1) The result of his requirement. 2) The reason for rejecting. 3)some suggestions You should write about 100 words. To: Records Section From: P/ Steelpes, Career Planning Subject: Request for Paid Education Leave Date: May 22, 2004 In response to your request for one year of paid education leave to take a degree in English literature, I have to inform you that we cannot authorize this leave. While we appreciate your desire to improve your knowledge, we feel that English literature is not directly related to your present position and to the goals of this organization. I am aware of your great interest in literature, and I would like to point out that you could gain advantage to apply for leave without pay. If you need another information on the above, do not hesitate to keep touch with me at any time. P. Steels * 首先要注意本篇备忘录的格式很标准。
然后注意这个备忘录的个别词的用法,譬如:be aware of 注意到、当心的意思,point out 指出,request for 要求,in response to 反馈。 例4 Directions: You are a supervisor of a big company. The chief of operations wants to adopt the“punch-in”system to increase productivity. Write a memo to talk about this: 1) Does the “punch-in”system benefit the company? 2) If the company doesn't adopt it, what else can we do to increase productivity. You should write about 100 words. To. David Green, Chief of Operations From: Tony. Party , Supervisor Subject: Comments on the “Punch-in” System Date: March. 22, 2004 This is further to your memo dated March. 20, 2004, in which you proposed that employees adopt the “punch-in” system. I fully agree with you that we must increase productivity. As far as your proposal that if the “punch-in” system is adopted, we would have a tighter control over the employees is concerned. However, I don't think so. I personally think that, to accomplish this, we should give the employees more incentives to work faster. I feel that if we ( the supervisors) could meet with you , we could discuss different possiblilities to create such incentiveness. Your consideration of this suggestion would be appreciated. Tony Party * 此篇是对一篇备忘录的回复。
生产主管认为实行打孔考勤制度(“punch-in”system),有利于增加生产效率。但督察却不这样认为。
他认为“should give the employees more incentives to work faster”。
first /second/third/fourth/fifth/sixth/seventh/eighth/ninth/tenth/eleventh/twelfth/thirteenth/fourteenth/fifteenth sixteenth/seventeenth/eighteenth/nineteenth/twentith 首先你要记住几个特殊的,基数词和序数词特殊的都要记! 如:one-first two-second 等, 其他的,序数词=基数词+th: 如 six-sixth ,ten-tenth. 然后,位数大的,序数词=基数词(在十位)+序数词(个位),也就说说只用变个位上的词就行了。
如:twenty-one 变成 twenty-first, twenty-six 变为 twenty-sixth. 此外,基数词以E结尾的去E加th, 如 nine=ninth 以v结尾的,变V为F再加th, 如 five=fifth 英语过去时没有规律,一般是在结尾加ED, 但是有很多词有自己的特殊过去式,要背,无规律。 第三人称单数的话在动词后面加S就行。
当然也有特殊的,特殊的要自己去背。HAVE-HAS. 1)单数名词加s: students, apples, bags, trees, books, brothers.إ 2)以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加es: glasses, boxes, brushes, matches.إ 3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加es: cities, babies, enemies.إ 4)以f或fe结尾的名词,多数变f为v加es: wives, knives.但有些词只加s: roofs, proof s, chiefs.إ 5)以o结尾的名词,有些加es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes.其它加s: radio s, zoos, pianos, photos.إ 6)不规则名词:foot→feet, goose→geese, tooth→teeth, child→children, man→me n, woman→women, sheep→sheep, deer→deer, mouse→mice. 7)某些外来词变复数:datum→data, medium→media, bacterium→bacteria, curriculum→curricula, criterion→criteria, phenomenon→phenomena. (زum/زon→a)ؤanalysis→analyses, basis→bases, crisis→crises, diagnosis→diagnoses.(زis→es )إ 8)复合名词变复数:以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式,如:homework.ؤ 以man或woman为前缀的复合名词变复数,前后两个名词都变复数,如:manservant→menservants, woman student women students.ؤ 其它复合名词变复数:grownزup→grownزups, brotherزinزlaw→brothersزinزlaw, standزby→standsزby.إ 9)复合形容词做定语时,其中的名词保持单数:a sixزyearزold boy,a twoزhundredزpage book 单音节和大部分双音节词比较级1一般加er2以e结尾,加r3以ly结尾,去y加ier4重读闭音节结尾,双写尾字母再加er,如big-bigger5特殊变化bad-worse good-better多音节和部分双音节,直接在词前加more单音节和部分双音节词最高级1一般加est2以e结尾,加st3以ly结尾,去y加iest重读闭音节结尾,双写尾字母加est,如big-biggest5特殊变化bad-worst good-best多音节和部分双音节词,直接在词的前面加the most这么多打字死我了。
希望对你有用。
Going shopping购物【单元要点分析】1. Use “there be” in questions and statements.2. Use the Present Continuous Tense to talk about things that are happening now and ask and answer questions about what people are doing.3. Use personal pronouns (object form)【单元教学目标】1. 『基础知识』a. 「重点词汇」 (Vocabulary): go shopping, free, minute, just a minute, over there, cost, expensive, prefer, match, pretty, mind, never mind, someone, bookshop, clothes shop, shoe shop, sports shop, e-friend, centre, pay, at present, at the moment, right now, study, visit, wait, turn, tonight, stay, hear, poor, pair, size, try on, fit, cheap, jeans, taxi, easy, outside, inside, next door, cry, police car, into.b. 「重点句型」(Sentences):I want you to go shopping with me today.I want to buy a lot of things but I don't have any money.Here is my purse. Please come with me!I need you to carry all the bags.Can I help you? What are you looking for?Just a minute. Take a look. They're great.How much do the cards cost? That's quite expensive/cheap.There's a discount on ……They cost / are ¥10.I prefer to buy …… I'm sure you can find……How much money can you spend?How much are they?I don't have enough money to buy……Never mind! I'll buy……I'd like to buy a pair of football boots.Could I try them on, please?What size are your feet?It is very easy to find.You can eat different kinds of food from different countries.I like watching a film before going shopping.There are always lots of people waiting for me to finish.2.『基本技能』 「Listening (听)」Recognize familiar words in a conversation about shopping preferences and other shopping----related issues.Identify specific information about different shopping habits. 「Speaking(说)」Interact with others and talk about specifics. Use appropriate register.Conduct simple negotiations.Describe the layout of a shopping mall. 「Reading(读)」Guess general meanings of new words by looking at pictures and keywords.Identify special information about shopping by reading the conversation.Respond to the text by doing a survey. 「Writing(写)」Organize ideas, structure sentences and put them together in paragraphs.Describe and explain.【学习策略】 Use vocabulary learning strategies for self-study.第一课时 The First Period【教学目标】1. 『基础知识』a. 「词汇」 (Vocabulary):go shopping, free, bookshop, clothes shop, shoe shop, sports shop.b. 「句型」 (Sentences):I want you to go shopping with me today.I want to buy a lot of things but……I don't have any money.Here's my purse. Please come with me!I need you to carry all the bags.2. 『基本技能』a. To know some vocabularies about common presents.b. To learn new words related to this unit's theme.c. To guess meaning from pictures and to sort vocabulary.d. To guess the meanings of words by recognizing shopping items and relating them to typical shops.【学习策略】使用词汇学习方法。
【教学设计】VocabularyHappy birthday.Where can you buy things?【教学过程】Task I1. Ask Ss to listen to the tape of P70 and answer the question—why does Hobo want Eddie to go shopping with him?2. Ask Ss to practice the dialogue and act it out!Task II1. Ask Ss to look at the pictures in Part A1 on Page 71.Find out which items they can recognize and whether they know the words in English.2. Ask Ss to do as much of the tasks as they can on their own. Then check all the answers with the whole class. Identify the words which Ss do not know and present them.3. Ask Ss to look at the pictures again and report which presents are suitable for girls and which ones are suitable for boys.4. Tell Ss to write down the suitable presents for Simon and Sandy in Part A2. Point out to them that some presents are suitable for both. Ask Ss to check their lists in pairs.Task III1. Before looking at the book, ask Ss what shops they know. Ask them to list as many shops as they can. (book shop, electrical shop, shoe shop, toy shop, supermarket, sports shop, clothes shop, CD store, tuck shop, department store, grocery, chemist, butcher, etc.)2. Ask Ss to look at the pictures on Page75 and write the names of the shops underneath the pictures on their own. Then get some Ss to tell you what things they can buy in those shops, and write some of the items next to the pictures.3. Tell Ss to check their answers in pairs and ask Ss to read the names of the shops together.4. Ask Ss to look at the pictures and describe or name the objects. Tell them to write the correct names under the pictures. Then Ss match these items with the shop in PartA by writing the correct number in each of the boxes。
常考的倒装句式是not only……、only……、not until……so……that等。
1. mean
1) mean+ to do打算,意欲
2) mean+ n/ pron/that从句---意思
3)mean+ v-ing意味
meaning (n) 意思 meaningful (a) 有意义的
2. celebrate (v)
celebration (n) 庆祝活动
hold a celebration/ celebrations
3. take place
不用于被动语态
take sb's place/ take the place of sb
= replace sb
take place 指经过安排的事情
happen 偶然发生,碰巧发生
break out 灾难、疾病、战争等突然爆发
4. would+ v 过去常常…
5. starve
starve for 急需
starve to death 饿死
6. Some festivals are held to honour the dead, or satisfy the ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm.
1) v 尊敬,给以荣誉
2) in honor of 为了纪念
A festival is set to honor/ in honor of the hero.
Do harm to sb= harm sb
Do more harm than good
7. in memory of 纪念,悼念…
8. arrive (v)
arrival (n)
The arrival of the plane has been delayed.
____ my arrival at school, Mr Li was there.
9. gain (n/ v)
I gained a lot from my teacher.
你好! 我讲几点: 英语不难,贵在坚持。
每天早晨或晚上坚持读英语。大声朗读。
读音一定要准确,单词边读边看,适当的时候你就会明白你能记住很多单词了。 阅读。
做阅读一定要在对答案之后理解一遍意思,就算很多看不明白的也要理解,尽量先猜意思再查正确的。 多写。
没事可以写几个句子,然后请人给你看看,尽量用不同的词组和句型。 语法是高中比较重要的,看句型一定要分析句子主干,然后看是什么时态,哪种词,什么成分,词组是否是介词词组,是否是补语等等。
做题是最首要的,然后就是比较各个选项有什么区别,做多了就记得了。 别把英语看的很枯燥,其实你读多了就觉得,其实还蛮好听的。
没事可以听听英文歌,不管是抒情的还是动感的,当作休闲也好。 哪怕玩游戏,英文的,对于学习英语也有帮助,虽然不大…… 关键是要要随性一点,千万别把英语看死了,否则不容易学好的。
方法上的指导:1.听(LISTENING)(输入)2.说 (SPEAKING) (输出)3.读(READING) (输入)4.写(WRITING) (输出)5.译(TRANSLATION)(双向)以上五方面的语言能力的培养,既是英语考试所必须的,又是未来交流所必要的。总之,英语学习的终极目标是与他人的流畅的沟通,是需要通过大量的科学的训练才能够获得的。
为此,莱曼英语教学理念经常会给学生以下诸多方法,以供广大学生参考:1.听(LISTENING)对于听力而言,这种能力集中地反映了英语是一门熟练工种这一特性。必须牢记的是“量变才能达到质变”基本规律。
建议大家: (1)五遍泛听:找一份适合于自己水平的听力资料,利用零碎时间,至少听五遍,然后再换另一份听力资料,仍然是听上五遍。如此往返,坚持一年,必有结果。
(2)间歇精听:偶尔要进行一部分精听,即一边听,一边记笔记。一句一句地边听边写。
不会的单词要查一查字典。不得懒惰,不得烦躁,要踏实,要扎实,一步一个脚印。
每次都会有不同程度的进步。 (3)语言环境:很多人抱怨在英语学习中没有语言环境。
莱曼英语认为应该自己建立自己的语言环境,充分利用网络,电视,广播等媒介,同时多与英语老师,外国朋友沟通和交流。以上帮助建立语言环境的条件均已成熟,要戒懒,戒自卑,戒任何借口。
养成每天听英语的习惯。2.说(SPEAKING)“说英语”这一关对于大部分中国学生来说是一道难关。
是中国学生苦学英语十余年要面临的巨大困惑。莱曼英语认为要想练就熟练的口语,必须循序渐进,有简单到复杂。
自然,一些技巧也应注意: (1)自言自语:从每天的英语阅读开始,做到声音洪亮,口齿清晰,发音准确,语调优美,增加自信。 (2)自我创作:将所读的句子通过更改其中一些单词,词组或句型,进行仿造句子,将其变成自己的句子,并大声朗读出来。
(3)多抓句型:造不出句子的根本原因是句型不够熟练,不够灵活。多抓句型,并要注意句型所衍生的不同含义,进行灵活的句子创作。
(4)交流沟通:听到英语就应该模仿默念,增加自己的语素,无论懂与不懂,都应心里跟读。这是上英语课或和他人交流的基本步骤。
可惜的是,很多中国学生忽略了此处。把愿意倾听你那不熟练的英语的人当做你的知心朋友。
3.读(READING)谈到阅读,精读和泛读要兼顾。所谓精读,要一个字一个字地读,弄清每一个单词,词组,句型乃至习语的含义,从中锁定一些未学过的内容,通过一学,二记,三运用的过程进行学习,不断充实自己的英语知识。
至于“泛读”,是大部分中国学生所不顾及或没有时间顾及的。而英语学习恰恰需要大量的课外阅读以增加课外信息,达到增加谈资,增加阅读理解知识面的目的。
但凡英语好的学生,都是大量泛读对他们的考试和交流起到了支撑作用。莱曼英语认为作为一个英语学习者和运用者,应上知天文,下知地理,虽不精,但面儿要广。
4.写(WRITING)英语的写作已经作为各类级别英语考试的重要内容,且未来的英语运用中,写作也是不可或缺的必要技能之一。因而,写作就需要学习和练习。
正如我们的汉语写作一样,应该时不常地写一些英语的日记,周记或专题作文,充分利用已学过的语法点表达自己的观点。要明确的是,写作对于基础知识而言,可起到复习作用;对于口语而言,可起到思维培养的作用。
莱曼英语认为,在练习写作时,要注意下列事项: (1)起始段落:要有吸引力 (2)词组句型:多用词组句型 (3)转联词: 确保句子,段落的顺畅 (4)复合句: 表达较复杂的观点 (5)书写排版:清楚整齐明了5.译(TRANSLATION)至于英汉互译,基本上在课本和课堂上难觅其踪影。很少有老师讲解如何做汉英互译。
而莱曼英语认为汉英互译无论是对于英语写作,还是英语口语都具有极大的帮助作用。我们认为汉英互译是学生必须练习的重要的语言能力之一。
且莱曼英语教学理念中也已给出了系列的练习方法,用以指导学生的汉英互译。总而言之,在努力学习英语基础知识的同时,必须给学生以基本能力的指导和训练,以期达到英语学习的终极目标。
有关各个方面能力的训练方法,在后面的讲座中还有详尽的赘述,望予以关注。希望能给你帮。
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