一级模块 二级模块 三级模块 模块说明1-语法 1-1 名词 1-1-1 名词定义及分类 名词这一章在初中的难点是名词的辨析,一般在完形填空中涉及较多。
名词单复数和所有格的考察相对来说也很多,这块儿一般在单选或写作中运用较多。1-1-2 可数名词的单单复数1-1-3 不可数名词的数1-1-4 名词的所有格1-1-5 名词的用法1-2 冠词 1-2-1 冠词的泛指 冠词在中考中涉及内容不多,但要求考生对冠词的泛指、特指、类指等有个基本的了解,所以考生应该掌握理解这些基本用法,然后再按照顺序,对各个冠词的具体用法有个了解。
1-2-2 冠词的特指1-2-3 冠词的类指1-2-4 不定冠词的用法1-2-5 定冠词的用法1-2-6 零冠词的用法1-2-7 冠词的位置1-3 代词 1-3-1 人称代词 中考对代词考点较多,人称代词,物主代词,不定代词在历年的中考中一般会有一个单选题出现。并且在完形填空,完成句子以及在写作中也会涉及较多内容。
1-3-2 物主代词1-3-3 反身代词1-3-4 指示代词1-3-6 普通不定代词1-3-5 复合不定代词1-4 形容词 1-4-1 形容词的用法 中考在形容词中的考察点主要是形容词的比较级及最高级,这方面主要在单选及完形这块。另外,形容词辨析也是考察重点,主要在完形里考。
形容词的句式一直都是考试的热点,这一点也不可忽略,完成句子里经常会考到这块儿,另外写作运用这些也是写作的亮句。副词考察的内容与形容词差不多,但要注意副词与形容词的修饰关系,以及副词与形容词所修饰词的词性的不同。
1-4-2 形容词的位置1-4-3 形容词的排序1-4-4 形容词的原级1-4-5 ing形容词和ed形容词1-4-6 形容词的比较级及最高级1-5 副词 1-5-1 副词的用法1-5-2 副词的位置1-5-3 副词比较级用法1-5-4 副词最高级用法1-6 数词 1-6-1 基数词的表示方法及用法 数词在中考中的考点其实很多,首先在听力中会涉及到时间、距离、数字及电话号码等方面的表达。另外在主谓一致、完成句子及写作也会涉及对数词的考察。
1-6-2 序数词的表示方法及用法1-6-3 分数及百分数的表达法1-6-4 时间的表达法1-6-5 日期的表达法1-6-6 百,千,百万,十亿的用法1-7 介词 1-7-1 表示时间的介词 介词是中考的必考考点,其涉及面较广,基本上在各个题型中都有涉及,尤其是在单选、完形及书面表达中最为突出。单选中主要考察时间介词;完形及书面表达中以介词短语的考查为主。
1-7-2 表示方位的介词1-7-3 表示工具,手段,方式的介词1-7-4 表示原因的介词1-7-5 常混淆介词1-8 连词 1-8-1 并列连词 连词也是中考比较重要的考点,一般会出现在单选、完形和书面表达中,虽然该考点不是难点,但建议考生在写作中适当应用连词以增强文章逻辑性1-8-2 从属连词1-9 动词 1-9-1 实义动词的用法 动词是中考考查最多的考点,也是英语学习中最为重要的知识点。只要出现英语试题的地方肯定会用到动词。
在中考中,考点主要涉及到时态、语态、主谓一致、情态动词、非谓语动词、动词词组及词义辨析等等。动词也是考生容易犯错的地方,需要考生加强对该模块的学习。
1-9-2 动词辨析1-9-3 系动词1-9-4 助动词1-9-5 动词词组1-10 动词的时态 1-10-1 一般现在时 时态的考查贯穿整个中考试题,主要考查8个基本时态。直接考点出现在单选、完成句子及写作中;但在完形、阅读的做题过程中也会间接涉及到考生对时态的掌握情况。
单选中一般考查不同时态的辨析及时态与语态的结合,写作中主要是考查正确语态的选用。完形和阅读中需要考生注意不同时态表达意义的不同。
建议考生从结构、用法、时间状语等方面进行对时态的学习和把控。1-10-2 一般过去时1-10-3 一般将来时1-10-4 过去进行时1-10-5 过去将来时1-10-6 过去完成时1-10-7 将来进行时1-10-8 将来完成时1-10-9 现在完成时1-10-10 现在进行时1-11 动词的语态 1-11-1 主动表被动 动词语态一般与时态或情态动词结合考查,是中考中的必考考点。
1-11-2 时态中的被动1-11-3 被动语态中的特殊情况1-12 情态动词 1-12-1 情态动词的定义与特征 情态动词也是中考必考考点,主要考查情态动词表推测的用法、情态动词的被动语态及情态动词的答语。1-12-2 重要情态动词的用法1-12-3 情态动词表推测和问答考点1-13 非谓语动词 1-13-1 不定式 非谓语动词在中考中涉及的考点也较多,是中考的热点。
考点会涉及对非谓语的基本用法及含义。在单选,完成句子及写作中考查较多。
建议学生对非谓语有个全面的学生,对其本质有个了解。1-13-2 动名词1-13-3 分词1-14 主谓一致 1-14-3 语法一致原则 考纲要求考生掌握主谓一致的三大原则即语法一致、逻辑意义一致、就近原则;掌握主谓一致的特殊用法;学会分析句式,排除干扰,分清主谓,明了句子的主谓关系。
1-14-2 意义一致原则1-14-3 临近原则1-15 倒装 1-15-1 完全倒装 中考在倒装上的考察主要是集中在部分倒装部分,同时也要兼顾到一些倒装的特殊用法,建议考生在写作中应用增加亮点。1-15-2 部分倒装1-16 陈述句 1-16-1 陈述句的否定 这几类句子在中考中的考查重要性不高,但作为基础,他们仍是与其他语法相结合考查,学生们应该对其有着基本的了解和运用能力。
1-17 疑问句 1-17-1 疑问句的分类1-17-2 反义疑问句1。
初一(七年级)英语重要知识点梳理 · 新初一同学对初一英语学习还处在一个初级阶段,这个时候需要从名词、英语限定词的用法、人称代词和物主代词的用法、There be句型、祈使句、介词(短语)的用法等这些基础知识点着手,我们一起来看看初一(七年级)英语重要知识点梳理! 1. 名词 首先,注意可数名词和不可数名词。
A. 数的区别:可数名词有单、复数,其复数形式一般是在其后加上-(e)s。不可数名词只有单数形式,而没有复数的变化。
B. 量的表达区别:可数名词前可用a(n)及数词来表示其量,也可借助于其它的可数名词,用of介词来表示其量,此时,表示量的可数名词有单、复数变化,表示事物的可数名词本身则必须用复数。不可数名词前则不可用a(n)及数词来表示其量,只可借助于其它可数名词,表示量的可数名词有单、复数的变化,不可数名词没有数的变化。
C. 修饰词的差异:可数名词和不可数名词前都可用some,any来修饰,表示“一些”之意,而表示“很多”之意时,可数名词(复数形式)前应用many或a lot of;不可数名词(只可用单数形式)前应用much 或a lot of。询问可数名词的量用how many, 而询问不可数名词的量则应用how much。
其次,注意名词所有格的用法。有生命事物名词的所有格应在其后加上's。
方法: A. 单数名词在其后直接加's。 B. 以-s结尾的复数名词,在其后加上', 而不可加's。
C. 以非s结尾的复数名词,需在其后加上's。 D. 表示两个或两个以上的人共有某个人或某个事物时,只需将最后一个名词变为所有格,前面的各个名词无需变为所有格。
E. 表示两个或两个以上的人分别有某人或某物时,各个名词均需变为所有格形式。 注意:表示无生命事物的名词一般应用of介词短语来构成其所有格。
2. 英语限定词的用法 英语名词前一般常会用上a(n), the, some, any等词修饰它,这些词都叫限定词。限定词的使用应注意选择,不可滥用、混用。
首先,注意冠词的用法。a(n)为不定冠词,它常用在单数可数名词前,表示不确定的人或事物。
a用在以辅音音素开头的词、数字、字母、符号等前;an用在以元音音素开头的词前。the为定冠词,可用在单数可数名词、不可数名词或复数可数名词前表示确定的人或事物。
其次,注意some和any表示“一些”之意的用法。some一般用于肯定句中,any用于否定句和疑问句中,在表示请求或希望对方作出肯定回答的疑问句中一般用some,而不能用any。
3. 人称代词和物主代词的用法 人称代词是用以代替某个人或某个事物的代词,有主、宾格之分。主格在句中充当主语,宾格则充当宾语。
物主代词用以表示某个人或某个事物属于某个人或某个事物所有,有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分。形容词性物主代词放在名词或代词前修饰该名词或代词,名词性物主代词本身便代替了某个人或某个事物,其后不可再用名词或代词了。
4. There be句型 There be结构表示 “在某地或某时存在有某物”,be为句子的谓语,后面的名词是句子的主语。 A. 注意其中be的人称和数:后面的名词为单数可数名词或不可数名词时,be用is。
后面的名词为可数名词复数时,be用are。如果不可数名词前有可数名词修饰,后面的动词be的人称和数应和可数名词保持一致。
而后面的名词不止一个时,be的人称和数应和与其最为靠近的一个名词的人称和数保持一致。 B. 注意There be和have(has)的不同用法:There be结构表示“存在”有某人或某物;而have (has)则表示某人或某物归某人“所有”。
在表示整体和部分的关系时,There be结构和have (has)常可互换使用。 5. 祈使句 祈使句常用来表示命令、请求、建议等语气,它的主语为you,通常省略,而以动词原形开头。
表示命令语气的祈使句一般用降调来朗读,而表示请求或建议语气的祈使句一般用升调来朗读。其否定形式是在实义动词前加上don't,即使动词是be也是如此。
6. 介词(短语)的用法 介词一般用于名词或代词之前,表示主语与介词后面的名词或代词和句子其它成份的关系。介词和其后的名词或代词构成介词短语。
介词短语在句中常用作表语、状语、定语等。不同的介词有不同的用法,在此不作赘述。
7. 一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和选择疑问句 一般疑问句一般以动词be或助动词do开头,常用yes或no作回答;特殊疑问句则以特殊疑问词开头,不用yes或no作回答。如果在一般疑问句中有or连接了选择项,则该疑问句便为选择疑问句,选择疑问句也不用yes或no作回答,而应根据具体情况直接作出回答。
8. 注意同义词的辨析 初一上学期的重点同义词有:a, an和one; no和not;excuse me和sorry; it's和its; who和what; look like和look the same; let's和let us; good, nice; fine, well和all right;look; look at; see和watch; and和or;family, house和home; with和and;what, which和who;one和it; whose和who's; put on, wear和in; other和else; say, speak, talk和tell;get和get to等。 9. 常用口语及话题 初一上学期要求我们掌握的口语有:问候、介绍、告别、打电话、感谢与应答、意愿、道歉与应答、提供帮助及应答、请求允许与应答、表示同意与不同意、喜好与厌恶、表示感情。
七年级英语上知识点 一1. want sth./to do sth. 想要某物/做某事 2. love to listen to …喜欢听…… 3.介词+V-ing : Thanks for ___ (come) to my party! Thank you for _____(help) me.4.动词like, want, have,play 等,在变否定句和疑问句时要用do, don't ;does,doesn't5. can +动词原形 6. 主语用三单,动词也要用三单7. He does homework(否定句) He doesn't(助动词)do(行为动词)homework 8. Let's +V-原 : Do you like _____(draw)? Let's _____(go) to the art club . 9. help sb.(to) do sth. =help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事10.He is helping Tom ____(learn )English. 11. 在时刻前用at,在星期几前用on,在年/月/早上/下午/晚上前用 in, 日前用on在早晨用in,在具体某一天的早晨用on : on the morning of July 2nd12.带来用bring…to,带走用take…to 13. 回答赞美的句子用Thank you ! 14. 十二个月用twelve months 15.穿什么颜色的衣服用 in +颜色16.乐器前要加the: play the violin 17.play+体育运动18.某一餐吃什么用for+三餐之一 eat/have /like…for+某一餐19. 问价格用How much is/ are…? 问数量用 How much+不可数名词+…? How many+可数名词(pl.)+…? 20 . .问在何时做某事用When/What time What time is ti?= What's the time?21. 问年龄用How old How old is Mike? =What's Mike's age?22. 问地点用where 23.问原因用Why,回答用 Because 24.问颜色用What color , 回答用It's/ They're +颜色 25.问生日用When is A's birthday? 回答时用月份+日期(序数词)如:November(the) ninth 26.在墙上用 on the wall 27. also用在句中,too用在句末 28序数词前一定要加the 29. an apple /a red apple 30.表共同拥有用Aand B's,表各自所有用A's and B's31. He likes red best(最喜欢).=His favorite color is red 32. look at =have a look at 33. an alarm clock 34. You play the guitar well.(副词修饰动词) He is a good student.(形容词修饰名词) 35. 我和某人用…and I ,表复数,be动词用are 36.the fifth month/ day of the year/ week 37. home前不能用 to :go/get/at home 38. parents=father and mother;parent=father or mother39. 表顺接用and,表转折用but 40. 名词前用物主代词: her friends 41. 可数名词用they/them代替,不可数名词用it代替 42.以 am/is/are / do/does/ can 开头的句子是一般问句,回答时用Yes/No,+主语(代词)+句首单词(Areyou -----? I am ) 43. 我们用各种颜色的短裤:We have pants in all colors44. favorite/birthday 前一定要加物主代词:my favorite subject/his birthday 45 after class(正确), after the class(错误) 46 打两小时的篮球:play basketball for two hours 47. a lot of =lots of 用于可数/不可数前 48. many=lots of =a lot of (后接可数名称复数) 49. much=lots of =a lot of(后接不可数名词) 50 people永远表复数;Chinese,Japanese单复数一致: many people/Chinese/Japanese 51. some/any+可数名词复数/不可数名词 some用于肯定句,any用于否定句和疑问句 52. 数词(1除外)后名词要用复数:three tomatoes 53. 介词后动词用ing,代词用宾格: Thanks for helping me / Write a letter to them 54. some+ food/orange/salad 等不可数名词表单数,be 动词用is 55.Teachers' Day(教师节) 56. like reading and playing sports57. can join=can be in 58.How old is she?= What's her age?59.你妈妈最喜欢的颜色:your mother's favorite color 60. T-shirts in green and black(绿黑相间的T恤衫) 61. on Saturday afternoon(在周六下午) 62. take him to work 63. go home with Jim 64. speak(+a little)+语言 65. 想成为:want to be 66. learn about art 67. 几十几的数词要加 - :twenty-two 68. Let's go to the store 69. 哪种颜色:what kind of color 70. an Art Festival 71. be busy with/doing 72.16岁:sixteen years old 或 sixteen 73. a photo of her family =her family photo 74.be strict with 75.你听什么?What do you listen ____? 76.他姓什么?What is __ ___ ___?77. 我不做家庭作业:I___ ____ my homework 78.他周末做什么?What ___he ___ ___ weekends? 79 We need two musicians___ our rock band. 80 help the boys with _____(paint) 81. the________(第十二) month of the year 82. can't sing _____ dance 83. Let's ___ ___ the picture.(看) 84.the first day of the week is_____ 85 许多种类的毛衣:many_____ _____ sweaters 86.- ____ can play the piano?- Tom can. 87. 学校组织郊游:the ___ ___ 88. 三个月大:three ____ old 89. 穿红衣服的女孩:the girl_____ _____ 90. 他常和他哥哥一起去看动作篇:He often ____ ___ ___ action movies _______ his brother. 91. 给你______ ______ ________ 92. 我和汤姆是兄弟___and___are____ 93. 许多人:many______94.那个女孩和她姐姐在家。
The girl ,with her sister___(be)at home ./ The girl and her sister ___(be) at home. 95.-- Is your birthday October 5th?—Yes, ___ ___ 96.他的五岁生日:_____ ____ birthday 97. _____the morning _____ Dec。.。
七年级英语(下)Unit1-Unit6知识点Phrases1. be from 2. pen pal 3. live in 4. a very interesting country5. years old 6. the United Kingdom 7. speak English 8. go to the movies9. write to sb. 10. tell sb. about sth.11. post office 12. pay phone13. across from 14. excuse me15. take/have a walk 16. have fun 17. take a taxi 18. near here = in the neighborhood 19. on Center Street 20. next to…21. between…and… 22. go straight23. in front of 24. on the left/ right25. turn left/right 26. a small house with an interesting garden27. the beginning of… 28. play games29. the way to… 30. go down… 31. have a good trip 32. be hungry33. enjoy doing sth. 34. let sb. do sth.35. go through 36. kind of 37. want to do sth. 38. South Africa 39. play with 40. be quiet41. during the day 42. what other animals43. work with 44. give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb 45. in the day / at night 46. get sth. from sb.47. wear a white uniform 48. go out to dinners49. like doing sth/ to do sth 50. talk to/with sb.51. have a job for sb. 52. in a hospital53. work hard 53. write stories54.work for a magazine 55. an international school for children of 5-1256. watch TV 57. TV show58. read a book 59. wait for 60. at the pool 61. eat dinner62. a photo of my family 63. take photos64. play computer games 65. How's it going?66. on vacation 67. have a good time68. lie on the beach 69. this group of people70. look cool 71. in this heatDrills1.-Where is your pen pal from? -She's from Japan.2.-Where does he live? -He lives in Paris.3.-What language does she speak? -She speaks English.4. Please write and tell me about yourself.5.-Is there a bank near here? -Yes, there is. It's on Center Street.6. The pay phone is across from the library.7. Just go straight and turn left.8. Next to the hotel is a small house with an interesting garden.9. This is the beginning of the garden tour.10. Let me tell you the way to my house.11.I hope you have a good trip.12. -Why do you want to see the lions? -Because they are cute.13. Why does he like koalas?14. Where are lions from?15. Lions are from Africa.16. What animals do you like?17. What other animals do you like?18. What do you do? I'm a reporter.19. What does he/she do? He/She is a doctor.20. What do you want to be? I want to be an actor.21. Where do you work? I work in a restaurant22. I work with people and money.23. Thieves don't like me.24.-What's he doing? -He's reading.25.-What are you doing? -I'm watching TV.26、-Do you want to go to the movies? -That sounds good. This TV show is boring.27.-Is Nancy doing homework? -No, she isn't. She's writing a,letter.28.-When do you want to go? -Let's go at six o'clock.29. What's he waiting for?30. In the first photo, I'm playing basketball at school.31. Here's a photo of my family.32.-How's the weather? -It's raining.33.-What's she doing? -She's cooking.34. How's it going?35. Thank you for joining CCTV's Around The World show.36. What do you do when it's raining? I read a book.。
人教版新目标英语七年级(下)各单元知识概要Unit 1 Where's your pen pal from?一、词组be from= come form 来自。
pen pal=pen friend 笔友like and dislike 好恶;爱憎live in….在。居住speak English 讲英语play sports 做体育运动a little French 一些法语go to the movies 去看电影an action movie 一部动作片on weekends 在周末Excuse me 对不起,打扰get to 到达、抵达beginning of 在。
开始的时候at the end of 在。结束的时候arrive at /二、句型(1)、Where主 +be+主语+from?主语+be+from+地点.(2)、Where do/does+主语+live? 主语+live/lives in…(3)、What language do/does +主语+speak? 主语+speak/speaks….(4)、主语+like/likes+doing…三、日常交际用语1-Where is your pen pal from?-He's from China.2-Where does she live? --She lives in Tokyo.3-Does she speak English?-Yes,she does/No,she dosen't.4-Is that your new pen pal? -Yes,he is /No,he isn't.5-What language does she speak? -She speaks English.Unit 2 Where's the post office一、词组post office 邮局pay phone 投币式公用电话next to 在。
隔壁across from 在。对面in front of 在。
前面between…and… 在。和。
之间on a street 在街上in the neighborhood 在附近on the right/left 在右边/在左边on one's right/left 在某人的右边/左边turn right/left 向右/左转take a walk 散步have fun 玩得开心the way to …去。的路take a taxi 打的/乘出租车go down(along)…沿着。
走go through。穿过。
have a good trip 旅途愉快二、句型(1)、Is there a bank near here? Yes,there is .It's on Centre Street. No,there isn't.(2)、Where's the sumpermarket? It's next to the library.(3)、Bridge Street is a good place to have fun.(4)、I hope you have a good trip.(5)、If you are hungry,you can buy food in the restaurant.(6)、Talk a walk though the park..(7)、enjoy后接名词或动词-ing形式. Do you enoy(=like) your work? Do you enjoy(=like) living in the city?三、日常交际用语(1)、Is there a ….?句型Eg: -Excuse me.Is there a hotel in the neighborhood. -Yes, there is. No.there isn't(2)、Where is …?句型Eg:-Where is the park,please?-It's behind the bank.(肯定回答)-I'm sorry I don't know. (否定回答)(3)、Which is the way to +地点? 句型.例如:- Which is the way to the library.(4)、How can I get to +地点?句型.例如: -How can I get to the restaurant?(5)、Can you tell me the way to +地点?句型.例- Can you tell me the way to the post office?(6)、Let me tell you the way to my house.(7)、Just go straight and turn left.Unit 3 Why do you like koalas?一、词组want to do sth .想要做某事want sb to do sth 想要某做某事want sth 想要某物Let sb do sth 让某人做某事kind of 有几分\种类a kind of 一种……years old …年龄 如:ten years old 十岁like to do sth 喜欢做某事like doing sth play with … 与。一起玩be quiet 安静during the day 在白天at night 在夜间have a look at.. 看。
one…the other 一个。另一个。
二、句型(1)、-why do you like pandas? -Because they're very cure.(2)、-Why dose he like koalas? -Because they are kind of interesting.(3)、-Where are lions from?-Lions are from South Africa.(4)、-What animals do you like? -I like elephants.三、日常交际用语(1)、-Let's see the lions.(2)-Why do you want to see the lions? -Becase they are very cute.(3)-Do you like giraffes? Yes,I do./ No,I don't(4)-What other animal do you like? _I like dogs.tooother+ 名词的复数.表示没有特定的数量范围the other+名词的复数表示有特定的数量范围.(5)-Why are you looking at me? -Because you are very cute.(6)-Let us play games. –Great! Let me see.Unit 4 I want to be an actor.一、词组want to be+职业 想要成为。
shop assistant 店员bank clerk 银行职员work with 与。
一起工作work hard 努力工作work for 为。
而工作work as 作为。
而工作get.. from…从。
获得。
give sth.to.sb /give.sb.sth 把某物给某人正确的表示:give it/them to sb. 错误的表示:give sb.it/themin the day 在白天at night 在夜间talk to /with 与…讲话go out to dinners 外出吃饭in a hospital 在医院newspaper reporter 报社记者movie actor 电影演员二、句型(1)-What do/does+某人+do?例:-What do you do?-I'm a student.-What dose he do? He's a teacher.(2)-What do/does+某人+want to be?例:What do you want to be?-I want to be a teacher.-What does she want to be ?She want to be a nuser.(3)-Where does your sister work? -She works in a hospital.(4)-Does he work in the hospiat Yes.he does/No,he doesn't(5)-Does she work late?-Yes,she does/No.she doesn't(6)-英语中询问职业的几种表达方式:What do/does …do?What is…? What is your father?What's one's job?例:What's your father's job?Unit 5 I'm watching TV.一、词组do homework 做家庭作业watch TV 看电视eat dinner 吃饭;就餐clean the。
2009-2010学年仁爱版七年级(上)英语基础知识—Unit 1,内容:Topic 1 I . 语法:Be动词 ( is , are , am )的变化; II .功能话题: 1 . 问候 ( Greeting ) ; 2 . 介绍 ( Introducing ) ; III . 语言知识: 1 . Good morining / afternoon / evening . 2 . ─ Welcome to China . ─ Thank you / Thanks . 3 . ─ Hello , are you Maria ? ─ Yes , I am . / No , I'm not . 4 . Nice to meet you . / Nice to meet you . 5 . This is my teacher , Miss Wang . (用于介绍某人) 6 . ─ How do you do ? ─ How do you do ? 7 . ─ How are you ? ─ I'm fine / I'm OK / Fine , thanks / thank you . 8 . ─ See you later . ─ See you . 9 . ─ Good bye . ─ Bye . IV . 书面表达:介绍某人并互相打招呼的对话。
非谓语动词是中学语法中的重要内容,也是高考重要考点之一。
考点主要分布在以下几方面:1、不定式和动名词作主语和宾语;2、分词和不定式作宾补,状语和定语;3、非谓语动词的各种形式;4、动名词的复合结构;5、“疑问词+不定式”结构;6、不定式的省略;7、现在分词与过去分词的区别。考点分析如下:考点一:不定式和分词作状语(其逻辑主 语必须和句子的主语一致)1.分词作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、方式,伴随状况等。
Hearing the news , they got excited .(时间)Having been bitten by a snake , she was frightened of it . (原因)Given a chance , I can surprise the world .(条件)Having been told many times , he still repeated the same mistakes (让步)The cup dropped to the ground , breaking into pieces .(结果)The teacher came into the lab , followed by some students .(伴随状况)注意:独立成分作状语,有些分词短语,其形式不受上下文的影响,称其独立成分,常见的有:generally speaking …一般来说frankly speaking … 坦白地说strictly speaking … 严格地讲judging from/ by … 根据…来 considering , … 考虑到 …to be honest 老实说taken as a whole , … 总的来说to tell the truth .说真的 to be honest 老实说to make things worse 使事情更糟的是given … 考虑到2.不定式作状语。表示“目的,结果,原因”。
①下列作表语用的形容词,后可接不定式作状语。happy, lucky, fortunate, glad, pleased, afraid, surprised, proud, disappointed, sure, able, sorry, free, willing, eager, ready, anxious, likely, patient, easy, difficult, fit, comfortable 等。
其句型结构如下:②跟在动词之后作状语The doctor did all he could to save the boy.③常见的结构中的不定式作状语in order to do(为了。) so as to do(以便。)
so adj/adv as to do(如此…以致于。)too adj/adv to do(太。
而不能。)adj/adv enough to do(足够。
以致于。)only to do (结果…)考点二:不定式和动名词作宾语1.下列动词后,只能跟不定式作宾语,常见的动词有:agree, seek(寻找) , fail , decide, refuse , offer , afford , learn , dare , demand , hope , desire , manage , prepare , pretend, promise , ask , want , expect , intend(打算,想要),wish , choose , determine , would like , set out (着手,开始) attempt(尝试,试图,企图) , make up one's mind , try one's best 等.2.有些动词不能直接跟不定式作宾语,需用it 代替不定式。
常见的动词有:find , make , feel , think , consider , suppose 等。其句型结构如下:主+ V( make , find … ) it + adi /n + 不定式This has made it necessary for agriculture and industry to develop quickly .3.下列动词及短语等后面只接动名词作宾语①admit , advise , avoid , appreciate , enjoy , escape , excuse , delay , miss , risk , fancy , resist , include , finish , imagine , keep (on ) , mind , practise , suggest , allow , permit , stand (忍受) ,consider(考虑),forbid 等词。
②be / get used to , give up , feel like , insist on , put off, stick to , be busy , look forward to , object to 等词组。③ sb have difficulty / trouble ( in ) doing. sb have great fun doing sb have a hard ( good ) time ( in ) doingsb spend / waste time /money( in ) doing sb be busy doing 或sb keep sb busy doing sb/ sth stop / prevent / keep sb from doing What / How about doing …? sth be worth doing ; sb prefer doing to doing .等句型4.下列动词后可接不定式和动名词作宾语,但意义不一样。
forget to do 忘记去做 doing 忘记已经做过remember to do 记住去做 doing 记得曾经做过regret to do 后悔(遗憾)去做 doing 后悔做过某事stop to do 停下来接着做另一件事 doing 停止做一件事try to do 努力(试图)做某事 doing 尝试着做go on to do (做完某事)接着做另一件事 doing 连续做同一件事can't help to do 不能帮助做 doing 情不自禁地做mean to do 意欲(想,企图)做 doing 意味着(意思是)做5.allow , advise , forbid , permit 之后用动名词作宾语,但要用不定式作宾补。The manager doesn't allow smoking in this office.The manger doesn't allow anybody to smoke in his office.6.下列动词接不定式或动名词作宾语均可。
①like ( love , prefer ) +doing 常表示经常性的行为like ( love , prefer) + to do 常表示暂时的行为I like talking very much but I don't like to talk with this stranger.②如果like , love , prefer 前有would / should , 后面则应接动词不定式。We'd like to go swimming this weekend if it is fine.③need , require , want 当“需要”解时,其后可接动名词doing,也可接不定式to be done作宾语。
考点三:作宾补(其逻辑主语就是句子的宾语)1.不定式作宾补①可带to 的不定式作宾补的动词有:ask, tell, want, expect, wish, order, advise, invite, beg, force, oblige, allow, , forbid, get , warn, encourage, prefer, persuade, cause 等。②不带to 的不定式作宾补的动词有:have, make, let, see, hear, watch, notice, observe, feel,listen to, look at 等。
但在被动语态中,不定式必。
初一英语上学期期中复习 【学习目标】 一、语音知识 ※1. ※2. 单词重读 'dinner 'kitchen 'shower 'people for'get pi'ano de'licious re'view 二、词汇 ※ 1. 1-6单元黑体字单词 ※ 2. 词组 what about=how about …怎么样(认为如何) fall asleep=be asleep 入睡 eat up 吃光 go to bed 上床睡觉 watch TV 看电视 only child 独生子、独生女 wash the dishes 洗盘子 at school/home/work 在学校 / 家 / 工作 go up 起床 live with sb. 和某人住在一起 三、日常用语 §1. What's your name? My name is Mike. §2. Are you happy? Yes, I am./No, I'm not. §3. What's your favorite subject? My favorite subject is English. §4. Do you like sports? Yes, I do./No, I don't. 四、语法 §1. 词类:名词、冠词、形容词、副词 §2. 比较等级 【知识讲解】 ※1. 名词 ①表示人或事物的名称,如 boy, clock, book, tree。
总的说来,名词分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。 专有名词是个别的人、事物、地点等专有的名称,如: Jim, China 专有名词的第一个字母要大写,如:Beijing, New York ②名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词:可以用数目计算,有单数和复数两种形式,如:an apple, two apples, a car, some cars 不可数名词:一般无法用数目计算,没有复数形式,且不用不定冠词a/an修饰,如:water, milk, meat, tea, bread, rice ③单数名词变复数名词的规则如下表: 注:①少数名词的复数是不规则的,如: man→men woman→women child→children ②表示民族的名词,有的在词尾加 s ,如: an American→three Americans ③有的单、复数形式相同,如: a Chinese→four Chinese a sheep→three sheep a deer→five deer ※2. 冠词 冠词是一种虚词,不能单独使用,只能和一个名词一起使用,并帮助说明此名词。冠词有两类,即定冠词the 和不定冠词a/an。
①不定冠词 常表示“一”的概念,有两种形式:a和an。a用在辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前,如:a book, a pen;an用在元音音素开头的名词前,如:an apple,an orange,an egg。
②定冠词the 常表示“这个”“那个”“这些”“那些”的概念,the在元音音素前读,在辅音音素前读 ,如:the moon, the evening。 eg. ①-Do you have an English book? -Yes, but the English book is broken. ② There is a chicken in the picture. ③ We can't see the sun at night. ④ The Browns are going to the park this Sunday. ⑤ Shanghai is in the east of China. ※3. 形容词 用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征,在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语。
如: It's a sunny day today. Let's go to the park. This book is good. It's very nice of you to help us. 常见形容词的同义词与近义词: large→big 大的 glad→happy/pleased 高兴的 clever→bright 聪明的 ill→sick 病的 fine→well 好的 常见形容词的反义词和对应词: bad(坏的)→good(好的) big(大的)→small(小的) busy(忙的)→ free(空闲的) dry(干的)→wet(湿的) same(相同的)→different(不同的) empty(空的)→full(满的) cold(寒冷的)→hot(热的) open(开着的)→closed(关闭的) poor(穷的)→rich(富的) ※4. 副词 用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句,在句中作状语或表语。 eg. Now he is back in New York again. 现在他又回到了纽约。
Mike is a good student. He often does his homework carefully. 副词一般分为七大类: ①时间副词: now, often, then, early, ago, before ②地点副词: here, there, out, above, up, down ③方式副词: hard, well, badly, fast, slowly ④程度副词: very, much, still, almost, too, so ⑤疑问副词: how, when, why, where ⑥关系副词: when, where, why ⑦连接副词: now, where, why often 等表示“频率”的时间副词,总被放在句子中间,又称“中置副词”。这类副词有 always(总是)、usually(通常)、sometimes(有时)、ever(曾经)、never(从不)等。
“中置”规律: ①放在单个的 be 动词之后; ②放在单个实义动词之前; ③谓语动词为多个词时,放在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。 如: You are always late for school. 你总是上学迟到。
I usually go to school by bike. I never see that book. He often helps other students. He goes to work on foot sometimes. ※5. 比较等级 在进行比较的时候,形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。 规则形容词和副词的比较级和最高级加 -er或-est。
(1)不规则变化的形容词和副词如下: →better→best →wors →worst (许多)many/much→more→most (几乎没有)little→less→least (远的)far→farther→farthest (老的,旧的)old (2)三种句型 ① 原级句型: as+形容词/副词+as,表示“和…一样”;否定句式:not as/so +形容词/副词+as,表示“和…不一样”。 eg. I think Kate does just as well as Ann. If you like the chicken, you may have as much as you can. I don't like the film. It's not so interesting as that one. ② 比较级句型: a. 主语+谓语+比较级+than+其它,表示“较…一些”。
eg. This city is more 。
其实七年级的也算是很基础的,小学时候基本都学过了,差不多像是复习和巩固吧,内容还是比较简单的,现在我总结一下大致内容吧:一、48个国际音标及26个英文字母的正确书写 要熟练掌握元音和辅音,5个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u),字母的正确占格及单词间距.二、be动词的用法 be动词有三种变形,分别是:am, is, are.记忆口诀:“我”用am, “你”用are, is用于“他、她、它”;单数全都用is,复数全部都用are.三、人称及人称代词的不同形式(主格和宾格)1、三种人称:第一人称(I, we),第二人称(you, you),第三人称(he, she, it, Maria).2、人称代词的主格,即人称代词位于句子主语位置时的形态:I, We, You, You, He, She, It, Maria.3、人称代词的宾格,即人称代词位于句子宾语位置时的形态:me, us, you, you, him, her, it.4、形容词性物主代词:my, our, your, your, his, her, its, their.5、名词性物主代词:mine, ours, yours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs.6、反身代词:myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves.四、基数词(表示数量多少的词,大致相当于代数里的自然数) zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three,twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty,seventy, eighty, ninety, one hundred,one hundred and one.五、一般疑问句及特殊疑问句1、一般疑问句:能用Yes或No来回答的问句.一般疑问句句尾读升调.2、特殊疑问句:不能用Yes或No来回答的问句.特殊疑问句句尾读降调.六、可数名词变复数 可数名词变复数时,有规则变化和不规则变化两种.1、规则变化:1)一般情况直接在词尾加“-s ”,如:cake-cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces, orange-oranges等;2)以s, x, sh, ch结尾的词,要在词尾加“-es ”,如:bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes等;3)以辅音字母加y结尾的词,变y为i再加“-es ”,如:baby-babies, country-countries, family-families等;4)部分以f (e)结尾的词,变f (e)为“ves ”,如:knife-knives, half-halves等;5)以o结尾的词,加“-s ”或“-es ”,如:zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes等.记忆口诀:除了“英雄”hero外,凡是能吃的,加“-es ”,不能吃的加“-s ”.2、不规则变化:1)改变单数名词中的元音字母:man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth等;2)单、复同形:sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese等;3)其他形式:mouse-mice, child-children等.七、简单句的成分及主谓一致原则 最基本构成:主语+谓语+宾语,其中谓语由动词来充当.主谓一致原则,就是句子的谓语要始终与主语保持数量上的一致性.当主语是第三人称单数(简称“三单”)时,谓语动词也要相应变成单数形式;当主语非“三单”时,谓语动词就用原形.实意动词变“三单”的规则如下:1)一般动词在词尾加“-s ”,如:like-likes, tell-tells, play-plays等;2)以字母s, x,ch, sh结尾的动词加“-es ”,如:guess-guesses, teach-teaches, watch-watches等;3)以o结尾的动词一般加“-es ”,如:do-does, go-goes等;4)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加“-而是”,如:fly-flies, carry-carries等;5)have的三单形式是has.八、冠词的用法(名词前面必须要有冠词) 冠词分为定冠词(the)和不定冠词(a, an)两种.1、定冠词the表示“特指”,可译为“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”.2、不定冠词a, an用来表明(可数)名词的数量是“一个”.an用于以元音开头(注意不是以元音字母开头)的单词前,a则英语非元音开头的单词前.3、不定冠词a, an与基数词one的区别是:不定冠词不是刻意强调“数量”,而基数词则强调“数量”.九、助动词(do, does )的用法 只有实意动词作谓语时才涉及使用助动词.以like为例:1)当句子为肯定句时不涉及使用助动词,只涉及“主谓一致”原则.eg : I like English a lot.Michael likes Chinese food very much.2)当句子为否定句时,要根据主语的人称来决定使用相应的助动词:当主语为“三单”时,要使用does;当主语为“非三单”时,用助动词原形do.例如把下列句子变否定句:Kangkang likes math.----Kangkang doesn't like math.They like sports.------They don't like sports.3)当句子变疑问句时,同样要根据句子的主语来决定在句首使用Do或Does.例如下列句子变问句:Michael likes Chinese Food.----Does Michael like Chinese food? Yes, he does./ No, he doesn't.Jane and Helen like music.----Do Jand and Helen like music? Yes, they do./ No, they don't.十、名词所有格1、Kangkang's books;Tom and Helen's desk; Ann's and Maria's bikes;2、用of表示“.的”,但要从of后往of前翻译:a book of mine(我的一本书)3、have与of的区别:have一般表示“主动拥有”,往往用于有生命的人或动物;无生命的物体一般不能“主动拥有”,表示所属关系时要用of.例。
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