外国文学毕业论文开题报告(外国文学开题报告)

外国文学毕业论文开题报告

外国文学毕业论文开题报告

开题报告是课题确定之后，研究人员在正式开展研究之前制订的整个课题研究的工作计划，以下是小编搜集整理的外国文学毕业论文开题报告，供大家阅读参考。

一. 选题国内外研究的现状

1. 国外主要研究现状

国外对萨克雷的研究很多，内容包罗万象。Iran Milligan从叙事的角度探讨了萨克雷的写作技巧、风格。Samuel C. Chew & Richard D. Altick主要从萨克雷的生平来解读其作品，为理解其中的社会背景和人物形象提供了比较客观的依据。Harry Blamires在分析人物形象时认为Becky Sharp是一个极有天分、工于心计的轻佻女子(a gifted calculating minx)，靠智谋和色相谋得富有丈夫，并进入上层社会放荡、作恶。与之相反，Amelia Sedley 则温柔、诚挚、可爱(gentle, earnest and loving)。Carole Jones和Owen Knowles在Introduction说，作为一名精明的 “strategist”， Becky总是有先见之明，捷足先登，因为其他人都愚钝、蠢笨。Edgar F Harden 的Thackeray The Writer: From Journalism to Vanity Fair 是一部全面评论萨克雷的书。最后一个章节对《名利场》进行了评述，Harden认为萨克雷对Becky的态度是肯定的，并引用作品中的话进行论证。

EBSCOhost数据库里共有116篇关于萨克雷的评论文章，其中五分之四与名利场有关，大多探讨了作品的语言风格、写作技巧、历史掌故、主题、人物刻画等等，对Becky 的评价褒贬不一。其中John Hagan的文章长达28页，从四个方面说明了萨克雷对 Becky寄予同情的缘由并予以反驳，分析了影响Becky性格形成的因素和社会环境以及Becky反社会的成因。在萨克雷看来，Becky is predominantly sympathetic。 Dee, Phyllis Susan从女性主义的角度通过对 Amelia和 Maggie Tulliver的分析，探讨了萨克雷的Vanity Fair 和艾略特The Mill on the Floss中的 female sexuality 和triangular Desir，并对之进行描述、解读，文章说：“这些小说中的女人虽然有时是男性欲望的被动客体，但是她们抵制并修正自己作为客体的角色，担任欲望主体的积极身份，并且设法挣脱男性主动欲望的束缚”。 Lisa Jadwin的视角也较新，分析了《名利场》中的“表里不一”(duplicity or double- discourse)，认为萨克雷对此是默许的，duplicity is both socially sanctioned and commonplace。 Lisa以为，既然男人的 “unchastities”被看成是微不足道、可以原谅的，那么，女人的“lies”同样可以被看成是无关紧要、可以原谅的，即“ His (Man’s) license to ‘lie’with others is matched by her(woman’s) license to ‘lie’ about her motives, designs and ambitions.”

2. 国内研究现状

相对于国外，国内对于萨克雷的研究极为有限。文学史和文学评论书籍的作者普遍认为他是一个资产阶级文人，甚至“势利”、“躲躲闪闪”，但同时也肯定了萨克雷作为一个讽刺道德家在文学史上的地位，称他以生动形象的文笔客观真实地再现了他所处的那个时代的虚伪、贪婪、金钱至上的浮华世界。在人物分析中，对Becky的评价多有贬义，说她“堕落”、“内心世界肮脏”、“假正经”、“人格扭曲”、“冷漠”、“一无所有”、“追名逐利醉了心”，“在资本主义社会靠姿色和诡计混世的女骗子”(朱虹，吴富恒，刘文荣，陈慧君，杨岂深)，而Amelia则“温柔”、“纯洁”、“富有献身精神”。

中国期刊网上共有6篇。这些文章分别从翻译、语言学和叙事学的角度对《名利场》进行分析。另外，《〈名利场〉中隐含作者的不连贯现象》(《外语研究》2003年第3期)从主观不连贯性入手，探讨了隐含作者的不连贯现象，并用“第三力量”理论分析了该现象的成因。《夏泼与爱米利亚两个女性形象比较》(《济宁师专学报》2002年第5期)从女性主义视角揭示了夏泼与爱米利亚这两个女性形象所反映出来的性别文化内涵,在作者看来，萨克雷眼中的Becky Sharp是“遭贬抑”的，而Amelia是“受赞美”的，但其解读未免肤浅空洞，根本不足以服人。

二. 选题的意义、重点、难点及创新点

1. 意义

虽然国内对萨克雷的研究由来已久，而且把他与狄更斯相提并论，对其作品的思想性和艺术性都予以高度评价。但评论中的意识形态色彩较浓，对文本的解读比较主观，大多认为Becky 是萨克雷所深恶痛绝的人物，Amelia才是作者心中的“angle”。偶有从女性主义角度进行分析的，也没能深入挖掘作品的深刻内涵，从而理解作者的真实意图。事实上，Becky是一个深受作者喜爱欣赏的人物，Amelia也并非他心目中的angle，用萨克雷自己的话说 ：“I like Becky in that book.. Sometimes I think I have myself some of her tastes.”至于Amelia，作者借Becky之口说：“You are no more fit to live in the world than a baby in arms.”对于Becky的肯定和对Amelia的否定在作品中都是较频繁出现的。如，Becky和 Rawdon Crawley 新婚燕尔，Rawdon兴高采烈，作者有一段议论：“The best of woman ( Ihave heard my grandmother say) are hypocrites …Why has not seen a woman hide the dullness of a stupid husband, or coax the fury of a savage one? We accept this amiable slavishness and praise a woman for it; we call this pretty treachery truth. A good housewife is of necessity a humbug”.萨克雷在作品中为什么多次发表类似的议论?为什么对“大逆不道”的Becky如此看重?为什么他的着重点在女性人物身上?他那个年代的女人是一种什么样的生存状态?本人以为从女性主义文学批评的角度，通过人物分析来探索《名利场》中的女性意识是有研究价值的。

2. 重点

萨克雷在《名利场》中自始至终对弱势女性群体予以极大的关注和同情。对于叛逆者Becky，他的态度就总体而言是肯定、欣赏的，并在作品中有大量的描写和议论。本文的重点即是探索萨克雷在刻画Becky这一人物时所表现出的潜在女性意识。

3. 难点

萨克雷是一个冷峻的人，其写作手法也别具一格，人称讽刺、幽默小说家，济sentimentalist, moralist, satirist于一身，擅长用irony, sarcasm等手法，其描写议论中既有直白，更有弦外之音，言外之意，时常带有较浓的主观色彩，寓意深刻，虽然有很多心理描写，但往往点到为止。作品中复杂的，甚至表面看来自相矛盾的人物性格还要靠读者自己去领会和把握。正如“幕启前”中作者所说：“The little Becky Puppet has been pronounced to be uncommonly flexible in the joints, and lively on the wire; the Amelia Doll, though it has had a smaller circle of admirers, has yet been carved and dressed with the greatest care by the artist”。正如作者所言，Becky这一形象flexible, round, 因此，解读《名利场》的.文本意义，分析人物性格从而揭示出作者在作品中所表现出来的女性意识有一定的难度。另外，传统的男性作家的作品对女性形象及作用多有忽视和歪曲，而萨克雷却客观地再现了他所处时代的浮华世界的真实画面，并表明自己的态度，故用女权主义批评理论来解读《名利场》更增加了论文的难度。

4. 创新点

国内关于萨克雷作品的研究近作不是很多，对人物的评价、评论也少有新意。偶有从女性主义视角来分析的，却过于肤浅，主观，似乎没有人关注过萨克雷眼中的Becky究竟是什么样的。用女权主义批评理论通过分析人物形象来揭示萨克雷在作品中表现出的女性意识应该是一个较新的评论方式。西蒙波伏娃的女权主义文学理论与《名利场》中表现出来的女性意识不谋而合。波伏娃的《第二性》突出表明了一种女性的辨证唯物主义观点，它说明妇女不是作为主体而是作为客体的生存状况主要取决于他们生存的环境，尤其是她们所处的经济地位使然。女性能否解放自身，也主要取决于她们在经济上能否摆脱自己的依附地位。波伏娃说：“By making the woman into the Other, society deprives her of her humanity. As soon as woman are the Other, they cannot form identities that depend on their own conscious being as subjects to themselves”.在萨克雷看来，如果说Amelia的悲哀在于她爱上了Osborne并完全依靠他的恩施，而他却既不能负担自己的命运，更不能负担Amelia的命运，Becky的悲哀则在于她想超脱爱情，摆脱父权统治，靠自己的力量改变处境，却又不得不依靠男性的尴尬境地。Becky之所以摆脱不了依附人格和边缘身份，这是由于没有经济地位所决定的，而依靠自己的力量提高经济地位，对于女人来说，在萨克雷那个年代的英国社会是无法实现的。因此，Becky的悲哀不仅仅是她个人的，同时也是整个父权社会的悲哀。Becky的挣扎抗争虽然遭到了社会的唾弃，却引起了萨克雷极大的关注和深深的同情。

三. 论文的建构(章节目录)及简要说明

Outline of the thesis

On Thackeray’s Feminist Consciousness in Vanity Fair

1.Introduction

1.1 Thackeray’s life and his art

Thackeray was born in India. His father died when he was 4. Then he was sent back to England to be educated and didn’t see his mother for three years. At 30: no money, mad wife never recovered and surviving Thackeray for 30 years, many dependents, debilitating ailments. It’s not surprising that he died an early death, at 52.

I f Thackeray was inhibited and emotionally constipated, he had a great deal to be inhibited and constipated about, and if his works suffer from a want of passion it is probably because his own tragic circumstances and the conventions of his era necessarily pushed passion onto the sidelines.

His attitude toward women is to a large extent shaped by his experiences with them (hi mother, wife, his daughters and his female correspondents).

He is important not only as a great novelist but as a brilliant satirist(Columbia Encyclopedia).

1.2 Introduction of Vanity Fair

1.2.1 Main idea of Vanity Fair

1.2.2 The theme of Vanity Fair

Thakeray’s upper-middle-class Regency world is a noisy and jostling commercial fairground, predominantly driven by acquisitive greed and soulless materialism, in which the narrator himself plays a brilliantly versatile role as a serio-comic observer. Although subtitled “A novel without a hero”, Vanity Fair follows the fortunes of two inter-linked lives: through the retiring Amelia Sedley and the brilliant Becky Sharp, Thackeray examines the position of women in an intensely exploitative male world, and lovingly attacks a hypocritical society which advocates the Victorian Virtues of marriage and the family.

1.2.3 Literary reviews of critical articles on Vanity Fair

Vanity Fair is said to be a moralist novel. Though Thackeray’s first major work, it remains his best known and most frequently analyzed novel. And most of the articles followed one stereotype: the attack of the hypocritical society , the praise and approval of “tender, sweet, good-natured” Amelia Sedley—the “Victorian angel” and the disapproval of “calculating social-climber” or “adventuress” Becky Sharp.

1.2.4 The purpose of this thesis

It is to explore Thackeray’s feminist consciousness implied in the novel in the depiction of the heroine Becky Sharp. Thackeray’s attitude toward Becky is predominantly sympathetic or admiring.

2. Feminist literary Theories

Virginia Woolf: A Room of one’s Own

Simone De Beauvoir: The Second Sex

Elaine Showalter, Judith Fetterley, Helene Cixous

Beauvoir’s text declares that both French and Western Societies are patriarchal, that is, females are controlled by males. So, the female becomes the Other”, an object whose existence is defined and interpreted by the male, who is the dominant being in society……people are free to and must create their own existence, and thereby deconstruct the sexist notions of gender imposed on them by the society.

The task of feminist critics is to examine the female images in male writer’s literary works and uncover how they reflect and shape the attitudes that have restricted women.

Unlike other feminist critics who aim to reveal Thackeray’s negative attitude toward Becky in Vanity Fair , I’ll explore his feminist consciousness displaying in the depiction of this heroine.

3. Analysis of Thackeray’s Feminist Consciousness in Vanity Fair

3.1 Becky as maiden

The irresistible Becky Sharp enters adulthood by throwing John’s dictionary(with Miss Pinkerton’s signature in the flyleaf) out of the window, declaring a century before Mae West “I’m no angel!” Such artless (or heartless) simplicity is one of Becky’s strength. A strong-minded woman who threatens conventional Victorian notions of feminity in her rise from orphaned obscurity to considerable social status.

Much sympathy is gathered for Becky, in the first place, by virtue of the fact that, as an orphan and social outsider, she is offered such a meager selection of options by her society(as symbolized perhaps in the cast-off clothes she receives from Amelia). Upon leaving Miss Pinkerton’s, she quickly acquires a sense of what these options are: she can either marry well or consign herself to the position of governess, one of the few professions available to her.

As Amelia’s moral opposite, Becky is useful to Thackeray as a puppet-like creature who reflects in sharply-undisguised form the hypocritical pretense of Vanity Fair.

3.2 Becky as wife

Becky’s Marriage to Rawdon falls short of her anticipation by the carefully contrived withdrawal of Miss Crawley’s support.

Becky’s involvement with marriage-market is a particularly active and dynamic one. She commit herself to conquer the fashionable world and , by the exercise of her own portion of its wealth and opportunities. Thackeray’s view of a woman like Becky embodies a shrewd-and in many ways, very modern-sense of the social and economic options to all women of the time.

“I think I could be a good woman if I had five thousand a year”. Becky’s proposition that only the rich can afford to be moral involves the corollary that the simple moral life is impossible for anyone trying to gain a foothold in a society that crudely exploits all finer feelings for its own material ends; only the rich, who are protected by their wealth, can afford to be moral.

Thackeray is reported to have said in later life: “I like Becky in that book. Sometimes think I have myself some of her tastes”. Thackeray’s teasing confession paves the way for some interesting possibilities.

3.3 Becky as mistress

Lord Steyne’s relation to Becky is at least that of benefactor and sponsor in aristocratic society. Because of Marquis Steyne, Becky is deserted by her husband , becoming the laughing-stock of the fashionable society and has to go to the Continent. Mr. Fiche is sent to urge her to leave (Lord Steyne happens to be there), since she becomes a threat to the ordered corruption of his way of life.

But when lord Steyne died an worn out old man after a series of fits, an eloquent catalogue appeared in a weekly print, describing his virtues, his magnificence, his talents, his good actions…….This is the case with patriarchal society.

3.4 Becky as mother

Her life experience forbids her to be a good mother, and this is also against the conventional virtues of women

3.5 Becky as vagabond

Becky not only gets away with murder, but also profits from it.

4. Conclusion

四. 主要征引的材料及参考文献

1. John M. Ellis. The Theory of Literary Criticism: A Logical Analysis. [M]. Berkely:University of California Press, 1974.

2. Edgar F. Harden. Thackeray The Writer: From Journalism to Vanity Fair. [M]. London: Macmillan Press Ltd, 1998.

3. Iran Milligan. The Novel in English: An Introduction. [M]. London: Macmillan Press,1983.

4. Hawthorn, Jeremy. The Nineteenth Century British Novel. [M]. London: Edward Arnold,1986.

5. Samuel C. Chew & Richard D. Altick. A Literary History of England. 2nded. V.4: the 19th Century & after. (1789-1939)[M]. London: RKP, 1978.

6. Harry Blamires. A Short History of English Literature. [M]. London: The Chaucer Press Ltd,Bungay,Suffolk.

7. William Makepeace Thackeray. Vanity Fair. [Z]. Introduction, Bibliography and Notes by Carole Jones 7& Owen Knowles. London: Wordsworth Editions Limited, 2001.

8. John Hagan. Vanity Fair: Becky Brought To Book Again. [J]. Studies in the Novel; Winter 75. Vol. Issue 4, p479, 28p.

9. Mullen, Alexandra. Vanity Fair and Vexation of Spirit.[J]. Hudson Review; Winter 2002, Vol.54 Issue 4, p581, 9p.

10. Jadwin, Lisa. The Seductiveness of Female Duplicity in Vanity Fair.[J]. Studies in English Literature; Fall 92 Vol.32,Issue 4.

11. Dee, Phyllis Susan. Female Sexuality and Triangular Desire in Vanity fair and The Mill on the Floss. [J]. Papers on Language & Literature; Fall 99,Vol.35 Issue 4, p391,26p.

12. 钟海英. 称谓的语用含义及翻译——谈《名利场》人物对话称谓sir的汉译[J]. 西南交通大学学报, 2003, (4).

13. 敏琴.《名利场》中隐含作者的不连贯现象[J]. 外语研究，2003，(3).

14. 邓含能.《名利场》与《围城》叙事艺术比较[J]. 四川外语学院学报，2002，(2.).

15. 黄小蓉. 丽贝卡夏泼和“泼”[J]. 梧州师专学报，1996，(1).

16. 袁佳玲. 论作为社会讽刺作品的《名利场》[J]. 邵阳高专学报，1997，(1).

17. 吴磊.《名利场》主题矛盾浅析[J]. 河北工程技术职业学院学报，2003，(3).

18. 高丽萍. 夏泼与爱米利亚两个女性形象比较[J]. 济宁师专学报，2002，(5)

19. 西蒙波伏娃. 第二性[M]. 北京：西苑出版社，2004

20. 朱刚. 二十一世纪西方文艺批评理论[M]. 上海：上海外语教育出版社，2001

21. 张中载 王逢振 赵国新. 二十世纪西方文论批评选读[M]. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2002

22. 殷企平 高奋 童燕萍. 英国小说批评史[M]. 上海：上海外语教育出版社，2001

23. 张岩冰. 女权主义文论[M]. 济南：山东教育出版社，1998

24.王国富 谬华伦译. 英国古典小说五十讲[M]. 成都：四川文艺出版社，1987

25.阿尼克斯特(苏联). 英国文学史刚[M]. 北京:：人民文学出版社，1980

26. 威廉萨克雷. 名利场[Z]. 上海：上海外语教育出版社，2000

27. 杨岂深. 外国文学名著欣赏[M]. 哈尔滨：黑龙江人民出版社，1985

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29. 陈慧君. 外国文学著名人物形象[M]. 哈尔滨：黑龙江人民出版社，1990

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外国文学开题报告

外国文学开题报告

开题报告是用文字体现的论文总构想,因而篇幅不必过大,但要把计划研究的课题、如何研究、理论适用等主要问题。以下是小编收集整理的外国文学开题报告，和大家一起分享。

1.选题的目的和研究现状

1)选题的目的

长时期以来， 人们视艾米莉?勃朗特为英国文学中的“斯芬克斯”.关于她本人和她的作品都有很多难解之谜， 许多评论家从不同的角度、采用不同的方法去研究， 得出了不同的结论， 因而往往是旧谜刚解， 新谜又出， 解谜热潮似永无休止。

本文立足于欧美文学中的`哥特传统研究《呼啸山庄》的创作源泉， 指出艾米莉?勃朗特在主题、人物形象、环境刻画、意象及情节构造等方面都借鉴了哥特传统， 同时凭借其超乎寻常的想象力， 将现实与超现实融为一体， 给陈旧的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鲜活力， 达到了哥特形式与激情内容的完美统一， 使《呼啸山庄》既超越了哥特体裁的“黑色浪漫主义”, 又超越了维多利亚时代的“现实主义”, 从而展现出独具一格、经久不衰的艺术魅力。

2) 与选题相关的国内外研究和发展概况

各民族的文学中都有许多惊险、恐怖的故事， 但似乎没有哪一种文学像英美文学那样不仅创作出数量众多、质量优秀的恐怖文学作品， 而且还形成了一个持续发展、影响广泛的哥特传统( Gothic tradition) .哥特文学现在已经成为英美文学研究中的一个重要领域。对哥特文学的认真研究开始于20 世纪二三十年代， 到70 年代以后， 由于新的学术思潮和文学批评观念的影响， 该研究出现了前所未有而且日趋高涨的热潮。根据在国际互联网上的搜索， 到2000 年9月为止， 英美等国的学者除发表了大量关于哥特文学的论文外， 还至少出版专着达184部， 其中1970 年以后为126 部， 仅90 年代就达59 部， 几乎占总数的三分之一。当然，近年来哥特文学研究的状况不仅在于研究成果迅速增加， 更重要的是它在深度和广度方面都大为拓展， 并且把哥特传统同英美乃至欧洲的历史、社会、文化和文学的总体发展结合起来。

2.研究思路与方法

1)研究的基本内容及预期的结果(大纲)

研究的基本内容：本文立足于欧美文学中的哥特传统研究《呼啸山庄》的创作源泉， 指出艾米莉?勃朗特在主题、人物形象、环境刻画、意象及情节构造等方面都借鉴了哥特传统， 同时凭借其超乎寻常的想象力， 将现实与超现实融为一体， 给陈旧的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鲜活力， 达到了哥特形式与激情内容的完美统一， 使《呼啸山庄》既超越了哥特体裁的“黑色浪漫主义”, 又超越了维多利亚时代的“现实主义”, 从而展现出独具一格、经久不衰的艺术魅力。

预期的结果(大纲)：

1、哥特式的调查

1.1哥特式的定义

1.2哥特小说的起源

1.2.1历史原因

1在日尔曼民族民俗

对戏剧的复兴

1.2.1.3圣经和基督教的传说

1.2.2小说本身的发展

1.2.2.1挑战浪漫主义对理性主义

1.2.2.2崇高和美丽

2。艾米丽的哥特传统

2.1主题

2.1.1善恶

2.1.2复仇

2.2性状描述

2.2.1恶棍英雄

2.2.2微妙的年轻女孩

2.3氛围、环境和情节

2.3.1恐怖

2.3.2神秘

2.3.3超自然

3艾米丽的哥特式创新

3.1浪漫主义与现实主义的结合

3.1.1改变背景

3.1.2使用象征主义

3.1.3意识流

3.1.4幻觉和潜意识

3.2人物情绪和心理描写

工具书类

2)拟采用的研究方法

主要有资料查找、理论探讨研究、阅读法

3)研究所需条件和可能存在的问题

研究所需条件：纸张、打印设备、图书馆、互联网上获取国内外文献资料;

可能存在的问题：

(1)文献不足;

(2) 由于个人的观点和能力，使对研究对象分析不够全面和深入。

3.研究进度安排

20xx年11月中旬：确定论文题目

12月初：确定提纲并上交开题报告

20xx年12月底-20xx年1月初： 查找，收集，整理资料

1月中旬：完成初稿

1月底至3月10日：修改论文，确定终稿

4. 应收集资料及主要参考文献(不少于10条)

[1] D.H.Lawrence. Sons and Lovers [M]. Beijing: Chinese Drama Press, 2005.

[2] Elizabeth B,Booz. A Brief Introduction to Modern English Literature [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 1982

[3] Frederick J. Hoffman. Freudianism and the Literary Mind[M]. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1945.

[4] Gamini Salgado. A Preface to Lawrence[M]. London: Longman Group Limited, 1982.

[5] Sigmund Freud. The Interpretation of Dreams[M]. New York: Avon Books, 2000.

[6] 陈晓燕。 从人际功能角度看《儿子与情人》中主要人物的关系[J]. 宜宾学院学报， 2008,(2)： 47-49

[7] 蒋炳贤。劳伦斯评论集[M].上海：上海文艺出版社，1995.

[8] 蒋家国。 试论《儿子与情人》人物关系的双环结构[J]. 湘南学院学报，2007,28(6)： 59-63

[9] 李维屏。英美现代主义文学概观[M].上海：上海外语教学出版社，1998.

[10] 单敏。 劳伦斯与弗洛伊德主义[J]. 湖南农业大学学报(社会科学版)，2004,4(4)： 61-63