俗话说“一天之计在于晨,一年之计在于春”。
雅思写作的开头段也有相同的道理,写好开头段对写作整体的得分有举足轻重的作用。根据自己多年的经验,给出了写好雅思作文开头的几个简单方法:很多国内的考生受到写中文作文或者传统英语教学的影响,写一篇文章的开头段时总是想要尽力抓住考官的眼球,不停地摆弄自己还不成熟的词汇和句型,结果非但没有得到想要的分数,反被考官倒打一耙。
那么我们要如何在最短的时间内,以最简单以及最能得分的方式写出好的作文开头段呢?其实我们可以把雅思写作题目中的提问方式分成四个大类:观点类(opinion essay)、讨论类(discussion essay)、优劣势类(advantage and disadvantage essay)和报告类(report)。每一种提问方式的题目都有自己不同的开头段写作方法。
Part 1 Opinion Essay观察观点类题目的特征,我们不难发现,此类题型的特征是题目有且只有一个观点。而题目要求我们回答的是“同意”或“不同意”的观点。
所以只要确定好自己的观点,开头段就可以写出来。例如:Some people believe that living in big cities is bad for health.Do you agree or disagree?如果,我们选择同意此观点,可以根据“背景句+直接转述题目+个人观点”的公式。
These days,it is quite common to see that a growing number of people choose to settle down in large cities.(背景句)But some people argue that leading an urban life would produce negative influences on people's health.(直接转述题目)Personally,I agree with this idea.(个人观点)如果选择不同意题目观点,则可以用“although”的让步状语从句进行改写,得到:These days,it is quite common to see that a growing number of people choose to settle down in large cities.(背景句)Although some people argue that leading an urban life would produce negative influences on people's health,(although+直接转述题目)personally,I do not agree with this idea.(个人观点)Part 2 Discussion Essay观察讨论类的题目,可以发现,这样的题目会有两个观点,并且题目要求“讨论双方观点”和“给出自己的观点”。这样的题目中,其实只用在开头段中写出背景句和转述双方观点就好了,至于个人的观点,可以放到personal idea的段落中。
如:Some people think citizens should be responsible for their own health costs.Others think it is better to have a health care system which provides free health services.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.这个题目的开头段就可以写为:People in some countries are paying an increasing amount of money for seeing a doctor,even for a minor illness.(背景句)But,still,some people assert that individuals themselves are supposed to pay for such fees.(一方观点)However,other people disagree and suggest that it is the government's responsibility to undertake the health costs for its citizens.(另一方观点)Part 3 Advantages&Disadvantage Essay优劣势的题目,一般而言都会给出一个现象或者是趋势,这又刚好和我们开头段中的“背景句”吻合了,所以在优劣势文章的开头段的时候就没有必要再写背景句了,直接转述题目就可以了。但是要表达出自己的“优大于劣”或者“劣大于优”的观点,只需要用一句话就搞定了。
如:Shopping online is replacing shopping in stores.Do the advantages outweigh its disadvantages?开头段可以写为:These days,it is common to see that people prefer choosing online shopping to shopping in physical stores.Although some problems would occur as this trend continues,I believe such development brings more benefits.Part 4 Report其实report最简单,因为通常题目和优劣势文章一样,会给出一个现象或趋势,所以开头段的组成部分就只有改写题目。如:In many parts of the world,children and teenagers are committing more crimes.Why is this happening?What are the possible solutions to solve this problem?开头段可以写为:These days,it is common to see that the rate of youth crime has been increasing dramatically all over the globe and it is a most worrying issue of modern society.以上就是分享的雅思小作文曲线图常用模板的全部内容,对曲线图的写作步骤和常用的句型等都进行了描述。
大家可以适当的记忆和应用一下。
考生在写雅思大作文开头时应注意以下三大要素: 要素之一: Restatement of the Topic (雅思写作大作文的题目都会给出相关情景或话题,在首段中应先对题目中的情景或话题进行展开。)
方法一:改写。即按照雅思写作题目所给的内容,用不同的表达方法重新写一遍,千万不能抄袭。
但改一两个词不算改写,一定要将整个表达方式改掉。 方法二:自己展开。
即根据雅思写作题目所谈到的话题内容适当展开,简单谈谈目前社会中的情况怎样。但不要谈得太多,更不能偏题。
这需要大量的雅思写作辅导,大家在私底下要勤加练习。 要素之二:Express Your Opinion (雅思写作大作文的题目中一般会问你 do you agree or disagree 或 what do you think 等,因此必须与之相对应地在首段中表明你的观点。)
方法一:中立观点。可以说某种做法既有好又有坏;对某种观点有人同意又有人不同意等等。
较好的表达如I partly agree with the opinion expressed above. 方法二:一边倒观点。即直截了当地说赞成某个观点或不赞成某个观点。
方法三:不表达观点。即不在首段明确地表达自己的观点,但必须要先分析一下,在最后一段表明观点。
方法一在雅思写作考试中用得最多;方法二适中;方法三用得比较少。 要素之三:No Excessive Background (雅思写作大作文首段中只要涵盖以上两要素即可,不要写过多不相干的展开内容,更不要将理由写进去,否则主体段就没内容写了。)
写好雅思大作文开头段要素一:现象句
雅思写作考题中会出现一个社会现象,考生的任务就是在自己文章的第一句话将之改写,重述这个社会现象。 E.g.1
Nowadays we are producing more and more rubbish.Why do you think this is happening? What can governments do to help reduce the amount of rubbish produced?
It is true that in almost every country today each household and family produces a large amount of waste every week.
写好雅思大作文开头段总结——套句+同义词替换:more and more= a large amount of E.g.2
Some people believe that children should be allowed to stay at home and play until they are six or seven years old.Others believe that it is important for young children to go to school as soon as possible. What do you think are the advantages of attending school from a young age?
In many places today, children start primary school at around the age of six or seven.
写好雅思大作文开头段总结——
主被动之间的转换:should be allowed to stay at home = start their primary school同义词的替换:until they are six or seven years old = at the age of six or seven E.g.3
In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people to do this.
It is quite common these days for young people in many countries to have a break from studying 。
个人觉得,自己看书不如找老师点拨一下,可以省很大的力气,爱预科老师点拨专业,雅思也有很多年的经验了。
比如这道题目:
越来越多的公司领导是老年人,你觉得好还是不好?
运用因果逻辑转述题目所构成的开头段为:
因为老年人经验比较丰富,越来越多的公司领导是老年人。然而我反对这种观点,并认为年轻人比较合适。
这种开头方式有两个好处:首先可以摆脱套句嫌疑,其次很容易在考场上想到开头段的内容,节省开篇时间。
每个人的情况不同,也可以登录文都国际教育官网进行一对一的咨询。
当然,并不是所有题目都适合用因果关系来开头,比如题目:
科学家和游客都喜欢去偏远的地方,你觉得好还是不好?
由于题目涉及到两个主题,因此很难用一个原因解释清楚,这种时候就可以采用第二种开头方式:转折方式,也就是尽管+但是。尽管后面接的是考生自己陈述的内容,但是后面接原题的改写。我们试一下上面这道题:
开头段:
尽管偏远的自然环境充满危险,但是科学家和游客依然喜欢去这些地方。然而我反对这种行为。
再试一道题:
很多人觉得住在大城市对身体健康有害,你同意与否。
开头段:
尽管大城市生活比较便捷,但还是有很多人觉得住在大城市对身体健康有害,我赞成这个观点。
要注意背景句后一定要加上自己的观点,直接表达同意与否,不需要再次陈述一遍题目。有些同学词汇量不够无法转述题目,再次陈述题目就会有抄袭的嫌疑。
以上的题目都是陈述单一现象或观点,雅思大作文还有一种题目是直接给出对比的双方,比如这道题:
有些人觉得老年人更适合当领导,而有些人觉得年轻人更适合,你同意哪一种观点?
这时候开头段可以写成:
尽管老年人比较固执,但是仍然有人认为老年人更适合当领导。我反对这种观点并认为年轻人更适合这个角色。
这种开头段可以在背景句中阐述一方观点,在观点句中阐述另一方观点。
这里要注意,在雅思议论文中,如果题目中出现了双方观点,那么无论你自己的观点是什么,你的行文中一定要涵盖对双方观点的陈述。
当然,开头段的写作方式不仅仅“因为+所以”以及“尽管+但是”两种方式。只要合乎逻辑,不抄袭题目,不用套句,怎样的开头段都可以。不过如果你还不会写开头段,这两种方式是最容易上手并节省时间的,不妨试一试吧!
我只读了小小一部分,但却能看出法布尔眼中的昆虫是可爱的、有感情的。今天,我是通过法布尔的眼睛,享受这份读书的乐趣;而法布尔为此付出一生的艰苦劳动,我们无法体会。我们只有用心去品味这书中的精华,才能对他所研究的昆虫有更深一层的认识.
书本就像我们的老师一样是明月、是繁星、是灯,为我们指亮前方道路上所需的精神知识。所以,同学们也让我们一起快乐读书吧,让我们遨游于知识的海洋。俗话说“书中自有黄金屋,书中自有颜如玉”,让我们一起努力!加油!同学们,为了我们的未来而努力读书,在书本中品
很多考生拿到大作文考题都不知道如何动笔去写开头段,有的会把题目原封不动抄下来,但如果这样做,在统计作文字数时,第一段就不被统计在内了。
实际上大作文的第一段是情景铺垫,在这一段要点明这篇文章要讨论/解决什么问题及问题的背景。作文的首段通常包含以下几个方面: 1)场景或背景信息,即题目中出现的phenomenon。
2)一些人的观点(some people's opinion),这部分在改写文章首段时可要可不要,考生可按照自己的情况来安排。 3)个人观点,这一部分在有些文章的开首段中也可以不要。
大作文要求字数至少达到250字,在写作中考虑到字数的合理安排,第一段最好写3-5句话,大约40字左右,并且切忌在第一段就掏心掏肺把什么话都说完。因此大作文开首方式通常有以下几种情况: 1)题目中包含了背景信息(phenomenon),有时也出现一些人的观点,并且题目中字数较多。
这种情况下最保险的办法是将题目中的背景信息及一些人的观点重新表达(paraphrase),可以做: ●主动语态被动语态 ●主谓宾主系表 ●某些近义词互换 Example: At present, it is hard for college students to find jobs. Many people claim that college teachers should give priority to practical courses like computer science and business over such traditional ones as history and geography. To what extent do you agree? → The number of college graduates is surging while a substantial proportion of them have difficulties in finding employment after their graduation. Numerous people blame this on the university education and believe that more emphasis should be laid on practical courses such as computer science and business than on traditional courses like history and geography. 其后再加考生自己的观点即可。 2)题目中包含了背景信息,有时出现一些人的观点,但题目中字数较少,若直接重新表达,字数凑不到40字左右。
这种情况下我们有2种开首方式来保证字数。 ◆把笼统信息细节化即通过举例来解释说明题目中的背景信息。
Example: International tourism has become a big industry in the world. Do the benefits outweigh the problems? →The acceleration of globalization and high-tech development contributes to International tourism's gaining momentum virtually all over the world. Each year,millions of tourists from other countries swarm into china to appreciate the scenery and Chinese traditional culture. 其后加入考生个人观点即可。 ◆追溯历史,过去与现在形成对比。
Example: International tourism has become a big industry in the world. Do the benefits outweigh the problems? →Prior to the early 1900s, the proportion of people traveling abroad was considerably low and the majority of them preferred domestic travel. However, the advent of the motorized flight has greatly changed our life and it makes international traveling more convenient. International tourism is gaining momentum and has become a big industry. 其后加入考生个人观点即可。 3)题目中仅出现一部分人的观点,而没有背景信息。
这种情况下,我们可以根据这部分人的观点所涉及的信息在开首段附加对背景信息的描述。 Example: The best way to solve the world's environmental problem is to increase the price of fuel. Do you agree or disagree? →In the process of industrialization and urbanization, the scope of environmental problem facing the world is getting immense. From Mexico City and New York to Singapore and China new solutions to this problem are being proposed, tried and implemented. Some people believe increasing the price of fuel is the best approach to this problem. 其后加入考生个人观点即可。
另外考生要注意开首段一定要避免出现语法错误,因为如果语法错误影响文章的理解,那会给考官留下极差的第一印象,而考官也就没有信心继续往下读了,最终大作文的得分也不会很高。
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