俗话说“一天之计在于晨,一年之计在于春”。
雅思写作的开头段也有相同的道理,写好开头段对写作整体的得分有举足轻重的作用。根据自己多年的经验,给出了写好雅思作文开头的几个简单方法:很多国内的考生受到写中文作文或者传统英语教学的影响,写一篇文章的开头段时总是想要尽力抓住考官的眼球,不停地摆弄自己还不成熟的词汇和句型,结果非但没有得到想要的分数,反被考官倒打一耙。
那么我们要如何在最短的时间内,以最简单以及最能得分的方式写出好的作文开头段呢?其实我们可以把雅思写作题目中的提问方式分成四个大类:观点类(opinion essay)、讨论类(discussion essay)、优劣势类(advantage and disadvantage essay)和报告类(report)。每一种提问方式的题目都有自己不同的开头段写作方法。
Part 1 Opinion Essay观察观点类题目的特征,我们不难发现,此类题型的特征是题目有且只有一个观点。而题目要求我们回答的是“同意”或“不同意”的观点。
所以只要确定好自己的观点,开头段就可以写出来。例如:Some people believe that living in big cities is bad for health.Do you agree or disagree?如果,我们选择同意此观点,可以根据“背景句+直接转述题目+个人观点”的公式。
These days,it is quite common to see that a growing number of people choose to settle down in large cities.(背景句)But some people argue that leading an urban life would produce negative influences on people's health.(直接转述题目)Personally,I agree with this idea.(个人观点)如果选择不同意题目观点,则可以用“although”的让步状语从句进行改写,得到:These days,it is quite common to see that a growing number of people choose to settle down in large cities.(背景句)Although some people argue that leading an urban life would produce negative influences on people's health,(although+直接转述题目)personally,I do not agree with this idea.(个人观点)Part 2 Discussion Essay观察讨论类的题目,可以发现,这样的题目会有两个观点,并且题目要求“讨论双方观点”和“给出自己的观点”。这样的题目中,其实只用在开头段中写出背景句和转述双方观点就好了,至于个人的观点,可以放到personal idea的段落中。
如:Some people think citizens should be responsible for their own health costs.Others think it is better to have a health care system which provides free health services.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.这个题目的开头段就可以写为:People in some countries are paying an increasing amount of money for seeing a doctor,even for a minor illness.(背景句)But,still,some people assert that individuals themselves are supposed to pay for such fees.(一方观点)However,other people disagree and suggest that it is the government's responsibility to undertake the health costs for its citizens.(另一方观点)Part 3 Advantages&Disadvantage Essay优劣势的题目,一般而言都会给出一个现象或者是趋势,这又刚好和我们开头段中的“背景句”吻合了,所以在优劣势文章的开头段的时候就没有必要再写背景句了,直接转述题目就可以了。但是要表达出自己的“优大于劣”或者“劣大于优”的观点,只需要用一句话就搞定了。
如:Shopping online is replacing shopping in stores.Do the advantages outweigh its disadvantages?开头段可以写为:These days,it is common to see that people prefer choosing online shopping to shopping in physical stores.Although some problems would occur as this trend continues,I believe such development brings more benefits.Part 4 Report其实report最简单,因为通常题目和优劣势文章一样,会给出一个现象或趋势,所以开头段的组成部分就只有改写题目。如:In many parts of the world,children and teenagers are committing more crimes.Why is this happening?What are the possible solutions to solve this problem?开头段可以写为:These days,it is common to see that the rate of youth crime has been increasing dramatically all over the globe and it is a most worrying issue of modern society.以上就是分享的雅思小作文曲线图常用模板的全部内容,对曲线图的写作步骤和常用的句型等都进行了描述。
大家可以适当的记忆和应用一下。
当我们坐在考场时遇到这样的题目:It is said that people's life now is becoming more and more stressful. What are the causes and how to solve it? 或者遇到这样的字样what is the reason, what is the affect, what should our government do? 那么恭喜你,你遇到的是典型的一篇report。
那么report文章的结构应该是怎样的呢?很简单。只要分四段就OK啦。
第一段:不用说啦,引出来题就好了,只是report文章不需要有什么观点存在,只要说明现象就可以。
第二段,就要写引起这件事的reason。
第三段:自然就是affect了。就顺着题目的问法一段段写就OK了。
第四段:也就是how to solve it。
上面四段就是雅思大作文Report类型模板的全部内容,非常简单吧。其实雅思大作文report类型一般出现的机率不会太大。所以考试前一要看预测,二就要关注一下前几次考试有没有出现Report,如果没有出现,准备一下喽。这样的文章其实还是很好写的,大家好好把握语言就可以了。
雅思大作文写作可分为两种类型:Report和Argumentation,而Report属于比较特殊的“偷袭题”,一般每年出现5-6次左右。Report题型的特征是——
类似这样的题目:It is said that people's life now is becoming more and more stressful. What are the causes and how to solve it?
或者这样的措辞:what is the reason, what is the effect, what should our government do。
report文章的结构一般可以分四段。
第一段:直接开题。report文章不需要有什么观点存在,只要说明现象即可。
第二段,说明引起此种现象的原因。
第三段:说明此种现象造成的影响。可顺着题目询问的内容展开。
第四段:说明解决之道。
报告文
A specific problem AAA, suggest possible solutions (A,B,。)or recommendations (A,B,。). Give reasons for your answer.
1、Nowadays AAA has become a serious problem in many countries. The reasons for this behavior are not clear , but some sociologists claim that (1) 社会学家认为导致问题的原因。As a matter of fact, (2) 进一步阐述此问题的原因。Consequently, (3) 该原因产生的结果。In my point of view, a possible cause of the problem is that (4) 我认为导致问题的原因之一。Also, (5) 我人们导致问题的原因之二。The effects of this are well known, (6)AAA 造成的影响之一。Furthermore, (7)AAA 造成的影响结果之二。The cost to society is great.(8) 社会上付出的代价。To conclude, I recommend that the only sensible way to solve this problem is (9) 总结并提出建议。
2、People how are well aware of the problems AAA creates: (1)AAA 带来的问题。 The solution, I think, is for government to (2) 政府所要解决的问题。 One way is that (3) 措施之一。There is also another way (4) 措施之二。 Moreover, (5) 措施之三。Indeed, we should make great efforts to solve this problem(6) 总结自己的观点。 3、In most countries AAA is causing a considerable number of problems. In some countries it is difficult to (1) 阐述 AAA 带来的第一个问题。In addition, (2)AAA 带来的第二个问题。Also,(3)AAA 带来的第三个问题。In my opinion, there are two main solutions to the discussed question. Firstly, (4) 第一个解决方案。Secondly, (5) 第二个解决方案。This is beginning to habe an effect in some countries. I believe that other countries will also tade this way to solve the problem in the near future. To sum up, if the problem continues, the effects will be great. So we should (6) 总结观点。
雅思大作文开头要素一: Restatement of the Topic 大作文的题目都会给出相关情景或话题,在首段中应先对题目中的情景或话题进行展开。
方法一 : 改写。即按照题目所给的内容,用不同的表达方法重新写一遍,千万不能抄袭。
注意 :改一两个词不算改写,一定要将整个表达方式改掉。 方法二:自己展开。
即根据题目所谈到的话题内容适当展开,简单谈谈目前社会中的情况怎样。 注意: 不要谈的太多,更加不能偏题,与题目话题毫不相干。
雅思大作文开头要素二: Express Your Opinion 大作文的题目中一般会问你 do you agree or disagree 或 what do you think 等,因此必须与之相对应的在首段中表明你的观点。 方法一:中立观点(即辩证表达)。
即可以说某种做法既有好又有坏;对某种观点又有人同意又有人不同意等等。 说明: 比较好的表达如:I partly agree with the opinion expressed above. 不要说:some people agree while others don'nt agree.这可不是中立地表达自己的观点。
所谓中立,其实是辩证的关系!老外看问题比较辩证,一般不会一棍子打死。 方法二:一边倒观点。
即直截了当的说赞成某个观点或不赞成某个观点等等。 方法三:不表观点。
即不在首段明确的表达自己的观点,但必须有引出下文之类话来作衔接。 说明: 方法一在考试中用的最多;方法二适中;方法三用的比较少(不表观点,但必须表明要先分析一下,在最后一段表明观点)。
雅思大作文开头要素三: No Excessive Background 大作文首段中只要涵盖以上两要素即可,不要写过多不相干的展开内容,更不要将理由(即主体段的分论点)写进去,否则主体段就没内容写了。
一、Report类考试特点
Report类的作文话题一般先介绍问题的背景,然后问:这会导致什么结果?有什么解决办法?或者问,这样的原因是什么?你的解决方法是什么?出题形式为“what are the reasons and provide solutions”我们可以从1) Why;2) Result;3) Solution三个方面来写文章。
例如,给出一种现象 1) Why? 2) Result? 3) Solution?
常见的出题思路为1,2或1,3
(1, 2) Nowadays, people always throw the old things away when they buy new things; whereas in the past, old things were repaired and used again. What factors cause this phenomenon? What effects the phenomenon leads to?
(1, 3) Many species of plants and animals are dying out. What are the causes of this trend? How can we prevent it?
二、写作方法
对于report类的作文,传统上认为应当采取各分一半的均衡结构。这种结构的优点在于,易于操作,不用费心思对文章进行布局;没有后顾之忧,不用担心题目的哪一方面没有讲到;布局均衡,防止用力不均,在逻辑方面出现问题。
以上的思路,对于求稳妥的考生来说是完全合适的。但是,如果想要自己的分数高一点,那么这种思路和结构就不是那么够用了。
为了说明report类作文的思路,我们首先引入一个概念:section。一个section可能是一个自然段,可能包含好几个自然段。但是,一个section严格地遵循只能集中说明一个问题的规则。比如,关于原因的section需要,且只能说明清楚这个问题的原因,其中包含对这个问题原因的说明、分析。
Report类型的写作是雅思写作中最常见的一种,所以准备一个这个类型的写作模板还是非常有必要的。
首段: (引子) 第一句: 描述背景(引子) it is indisputable fact that … 替换句型: it is an undeniable fact that … it is an irrefutable fact that 第二句:(可有可无) the serious consequences of are often felt in our life 。 第三句:承上启下:In this essay , I intend to explore the sources of this problem along with some possible solution to it 。
替换句型: In the following essay , I aim to identify the sources of this problem as well as some viable solution to it 。 第二段: 分析原因 第一句: Chief among the causes of this problem is …。
替换句型: 第二句: In the past , … 第三句: Consequently , … 第四句: Another major contributing factor is that … 第三段:提供解决方案 第一句: In order to address its root causes。 Perhaps the most effective method of doing this would be for people to do sth。
第二句: Since …, 第三句: one further measure would be to … 替换句型: one further method of …would be for people to do 第四段: 总结 第一句: In conclusion , I believe that this is clearly a problem of such complexity that no solution is likely in the short term 。 替换句型: In reality , this problem is unlikely to be resolved in the short term。
第二句: However , I believe that the measures outlined above would constitute a good first step 。 However , it is by no means insurmountable , and I am convinced that … 替换句型: however , I believe that the hard way is sometimes that the best way 。
以上就是Report类型的雅思写作高分必备模板的全部内容,十分的细节化,几乎每一句怎样写,都有所提及。但是大家在参考的时候一定要注意,要在其中加入属于自己的特色的东西,这样才能在考试中正常应用。
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