翻译的方法哪些属于归化(归化策略和异化策略具体包含什么翻译方法)

1.归化策略和异化策略具体包含什么翻译方法

归化：是要把源语本土化，以目标语或译文读者为归宿，采取目标语读者所习惯的表达方式来传达原文的内容。

归化翻译要求译者向目的语的读者靠拢，译者必须像本国作者那样说话，原作者要想和读者直接对话，译作必须变成地道的本国语言。归化翻译有助于读者更好地理解译文，增强译文的可读性和欣赏性。

异化：是“译者尽可能不去打扰作者，让读者向作者靠拢”。在翻译上就是迁就外来文化的语言特点，吸纳外语表达方式，要求译者向作者靠拢，采取相应于作者所使用的源语表达方式，来传达原文的内容，即以目的语文化为归宿。

使用异化策略的目的在于考虑民族文化的差异性、保存和反映异域民族特征和语言风格特色，为译文读者保留异国情调。作为两种翻译策略，归化和异化是对立统一，相辅相成的，绝对的归化和绝对的异化都是不存在的。

在广告翻译实践中译者应根据具体的广告语言特点、广告的目的、源语和目的语语言特点、民族文化等恰当运用两种策略，已达到具体的、动态的统一。

2.请求专业人士帮忙：在英语中归化翻译法有哪几种具体的方法

你好！

Foreignization: Transliteration, Literal Translation etc

domestication: Addition, Omission, Analogy, Annotation, Renaming

以上只是几个例子。

翻译方法有很多，简单说，凡是向目标语言靠近的方法技巧就属于归化。

保持原文风格文化的就是异化。

如有疑问，请追问。

3.归化翻译法的介绍

归化翻译法旨在尽量减少译文中的异国情调，为目的语读者提供一种自然流畅的译文。Venuti 认为，归化法源于这一著名翻译论说，“尽量不干扰读者，请作者向读者靠近”（Schleiermacher 1838/1963:47, 1838/1977:74; Venuti 1995:19-20）。

4.什么是归化和异化

“归化”，是指在翻译过程中尽可能用本民族的方式去表现外来的作品；

“异化”则认为既然是翻译，就得译出外国的味儿，保持“原汁原味”。

归化：

1. Love me, love my dog.

爱屋及乌。

2. a lion in the way

拦路虎

3. lick one's boots

拍马屁

4. Diamond cuts diamond

棋逢对手

5. A flash in a pan

昙花一现

6. Have one foot in the grave

风烛残年

7. To grow like mushrooms

雨后春笋

8. One boy is a boy,two boys half a boy,three boys nobody.

一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃。

9. Of all the gin joints in all the towns in all the world, she walks out of mine.

弱水三千，终究我已不是她那瓢中的一壶水了

10. High buildings and large mansions are springing up like mushrooms in Beijing.

在北京，高楼大厦犹如雨后春笋般地涌现。

异化：

1. a castle in the air

空中楼阁

2. A rolling stone gathers no moss.

滚石不生苔

3. Blood is thicker than water.

血浓于水

4. 打破铁饭碗

to break the “iron rice bowl"

5. armed to teeth

武装到牙齿

6. an eye for an eye,a tooth for a tooth

以眼还眼，以牙还牙

7. all roads lead to Rome

条条道路通罗马

8. show ones cards

摊牌

9. paper tiger

纸老虎

10. to weep crocodile's tear

流鳄鱼眼泪

5.归化翻译法的简介

然而，对Venuti来说，归化法带有贬义，因为归化法实际上体现了主导文化社会中常见的政策，即“盲目自大地使用单语，把外来文化拒于门外”。他还认为，主导文化社会“习惯于接受通顺易懂的译文，把外国文本中的价值观隐匿在本国的价值观之中，令读者面对他国文化时，还在自我陶醉地欣赏自己的文化”（1995:15）。这里的“隐匿”是一个重要的概念，因为它说明了译者在翻译中的角色。在以归化法作为标准翻译法的文化社会中，正是译者的“隐匿性”使译文自然而然地归化于目的语文化而不被读者发觉（1995:16-17）。

6.归化翻译法的分析

Venuti指出，归化翻译法是英美文化社会中占主导地位的翻译策略。

这种策略与该文化社会和其他文化社会的非对称文学关系相一致。由于归化翻译法流行于英美文化社会诸多领域，因此有必要有意识地选择其他翻译策略，以挑战其统治地位。

以下分析一个归化翻译的例子。6. A well-known scientist (some say it was Bertrand Russell) once gave a public lecture on astronomy. He described how the earth orbits around the sun and how the sun, in turn, orbits around the center of a vast collection of stars called our galaxy. At the end of the lecture, a little old lady at the back of the room got up and said: “What you have told us is rubbish. The world is really a flat plate supported on the back of a giant tortoise. The scientist gave a superior smile before replying, ”What is the tortoise standing on?“ ”You're very clever, young man, very clever,“ said the old lady. ”But it's turtles all the way down!“(From Hawking, S.W. 1988. A Brief History of Time from the Big Bang to Black Holes. London and Auckland: Bantam Press. （从希腊译本回译） Alice in Wonderland was once giving a lecture about astronomy. She said that the earth is a spherical planet in the solar system which orbits around its center the sun, and that the sun is a star which in turn orbits around the center of the star system which we call the Galaxy. At the end of the lecture the Queen looked at her angrily and disapprovingly. “what you say is nonsense. The earth is just a giant playing card, so it's flat like all playing card,” she said, and turned triumphantly to the members of her retinue, who seemed clearly satisfied by her explanation. Alice smiled a superior smile, “and what is this playing card supported on?” she asked with irony. The Queen did not seem put out, “You are clever, very clever,” she replied, “so let me tell you, young lady, that this playing card is supported on another, and the other on another other, and the other other on another other other…” She topped, out of breath, “The Universe is nothing but a great big pack of cards,” she shrieked.析：原文是霍金（S.W. Hawking）的《时间简史》，属于科普著作，阅读对象为有一定文化程度的读者。

其文本类型和读者类型决定了其语言特点是朴实明了，不带太多的修饰成分。译文（希腊语）的目的读者显然是少年儿童，译者根据目的语的文化背景，采用了归化翻译法，对译文进行了特殊的处理：（1）采用了形象替代法，套用了少年儿童熟悉的“Alice in Wonderland”（《爱丽丝游记》）故事中的人物来讲原文中的故事。

爱丽丝（Alice）是一个充满好奇心、求知欲强、爱思考的女孩子，译者用她来代替原文中的科学家，对于少年儿童来说更加有吸引力。《爱丽丝游记》中有一段是讲爱丽丝与一个扑克王国的故事，而这个王国中最主要的人物就是皇后。

爱丽丝常与皇后发生争论，而皇后的形象与原文中的老妇人（the old lady）十分相似，就是趾高气扬，固执己见。因此，译者用皇后（the Queen）代替原文中的老妇人（the old lady）；用扑克（playing card）代替乌龟（tortoise），整个故事里面的喻体变了，但是喻义没有变。

7.求翻译策略,归化异化英文定义,

The Definition of Domestication and Foreignization Lawrence Venuti,a famous American translator,he was the first persom to introduced domestication and foreignization in his book The Translator's Invisibility:A History of Translation.He said“foreignization is an approach that the translator leaves the author in peace,as much as possible,and moves the reader towards him”while domestication is one that the translator "leaves the reader in peace,as much as possible,and moves the author towards him"(Venuti,2004:19-20)By developing these two terms Venuti meant to argue against the tendency of the transparent translation and invisibility of the translator.In his opinion,domestication is a derogative term.On the basis of Venuti's theory,Schuttleworth and Cowie in their book" Dictionary of Translation Studies"define the term of domestication in this way:“A term used by Venuti(1995)to describe the translation strategy in which a transparent,fluent style is adopted in order to minimize the strangeness of the foreign text for TL readers。

it is identified with a policy common in dominant cultures which are 'aggressively monolingual,unreceptive to the foreign',and which he describes as being ' accustomed to fluent translations that invisibly inscribe foreign text with[target language] values and provide readers with narcissistic experience of recognizing their own culture in a cultural other'.(Schuttleworth& Cowie,2004:43-44) Foreignizing translation in which a TT is produced which deliberately breaks target conventions by retaining something of the foreignness of the original."(Schuttleworth&Cowie,2004:59) Venuti regarded foreignizing translation as a challenge towards domestication and the function is to "register the linguistic and cultural difference of the foreign text,sending the reader abroad."(Venuti,2004:20) In translation, domestication means removing all strangeness and foreignness of the source text and making the translation read like the original. Domestication is oriented towards the target language. Foreignization is the opposite approach and by applying this method the foreignness of the source language will be kept to the greatest possible extent and the translation will certainly read like a translation.。